Pulmonary artery hypertension: pertinent vasomotorial cytokines.

Pulmonary artery hypertension is a syndrome that shows similar clinical and pathophysiological features characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance. There have been a series of hypotheses trying to describe the development of pulmonary artery hypertension; however, none of them perfectly explains its pathogenesis. To highlight the pathogenesis, novel vasomotorial cytokines including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, endothelin-1, urotensin II, Krüppel-like factor 4, calcitonin gene-related peptide, angiopoietins, and serotonin closely related to pulmonary artery hypertension are discussed. The development of the new agents relating to these cytokines may improve the relevant treatment strategies.