Toal C B, Leenen F H
J Hypertens. 1987 Feb;5(1):107-13. doi: 10.1097/00004872-198702000-00015.
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were started at birth on sodium diets ranging from severely deficient (9 mumol) to a regular intake (101 mumol Na+/g food). Blood pressure and sympathetic activity were assessed at 6 and 16 weeks of age. At either age, SHR on 9 mumol Na+ failed to develop hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats on 17 mumol Na+ exhibited significant blunting of the hypertension; SHR on 26 mumol showed a small amelioration. At 6 weeks, basal plasma noradrenaline was similar in SHR and WKY on 9 and 101 mumol Na+, whereas plasma adrenaline was increased in SHR at the lowest sodium level. At 16 weeks, both catecholamines were significantly increased in SHR on the 9 and 17 mumol sodium diet versus SHR on the control diet. Blood pressure responsiveness to noradrenaline was significantly decreased on 9 mumol Na+, but to a similar extent in both strains. In contrast, the blood pressure lowering effect of ganglionic blockade was markedly blunted in SHR on 9 mumol Na+ and to a lesser extent on 17 mumol Na+ (both for percentage and absolute decrease) and 26 mumol Na+ (only for absolute fall); however, this did not occur in WKY over the diet-range used. We conclude that a sodium-deficient diet from birth prevents/blunts the development of hypertension in SHR, at least partly by decreasing the pressor effect of the sympathetic nervous system.
自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）和Wistar-Kyoto（WKY）大鼠从出生开始就摄入钠含量从严重缺乏（9微摩尔）到正常摄入量（101微摩尔Na⁺/克食物）不等的饮食。在6周龄和16周龄时评估血压和交感神经活动。在任何一个年龄段，摄入9微摩尔Na⁺的SHR都未出现高血压。摄入17微摩尔Na⁺的自发性高血压大鼠的高血压症状明显减轻；摄入26微摩尔Na⁺的SHR症状有轻微改善。在6周龄时，摄入9微摩尔和101微摩尔Na⁺的SHR和WKY的基础血浆去甲肾上腺素水平相似，而在最低钠水平时，SHR的血浆肾上腺素水平升高。在16周龄时，与对照饮食的SHR相比，摄入9微摩尔和17微摩尔钠饮食的SHR的两种儿茶酚胺水平均显著升高。摄入9微摩尔Na⁺时，血压对去甲肾上腺素的反应性显著降低，但两种品系降低程度相似。相比之下，在摄入9微摩尔Na⁺的SHR中，神经节阻断的降压作用明显减弱，在摄入17微摩尔Na⁺（百分比和绝对下降幅度）和26微摩尔Na⁺（仅绝对下降幅度）时减弱程度较小；然而，在所用饮食范围内，WKY未出现这种情况。我们得出结论，从出生开始的缺钠饮食可预防/减轻SHR高血压的发展，至少部分是通过降低交感神经系统的升压作用实现的。
