School of Humanities and Social Science, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales 2304, Australia; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
Soc Sci Med. 2017 Oct;190:83-91. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.018. Epub 2017 Aug 19.
Sociological studies of the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) occupations have documented the professionalisation strategies these groups use to establish boundaries between themselves and their competitors, including seeking educational accreditation and statutory regulation/licensure. Chiropractic has been particularly successful at professionalising and in Australia and the UK it is taught within public universities. Recent events have threatened chiropractic's university foothold, however, showing that professionalisation needs to be understood as an ongoing process of negotiation. Based on interviews with chiropractors in Australia and the UK, this paper examines the professionalisation strategies deployed by chiropractors within and outside of the university. Highly divergent strategies are identified across different sectors of the profession, relating to defining the chiropractic paradigm, directing education and constructing professional identity. In each domain, chiropractic academics tended to prioritise building the evidence base and becoming more aligned with medicine and other allied health professions. Although some practitioners supported this agenda, others strove to preserve chiropractic's vitalistic philosophy and professional distinction. Following Bourdieu, these intra-professional struggles are interpreted as occurring within a field in which chiropractors compete for different forms of capital, pulled by two opposing poles. The differing orientations and strategies pursued at the two poles of the field point to a number of possible futures for this CAM profession, including a potential split within the profession itself.
社会学对补充和替代医学（CAM）职业的研究记录了这些群体用来在自己和竞争对手之间建立界限的专业化策略，包括寻求教育认证和法定监管/许可。整脊疗法在专业化方面尤其成功，在澳大利亚和英国，它在公立大学中教授。然而，最近的事件威胁到了整脊疗法在大学的立足之地，这表明专业化需要被理解为一个持续的协商过程。本文基于对澳大利亚和英国整脊师的访谈，考察了整脊师在大学内外所采用的专业化策略。在该行业的不同领域，确定了高度不同的策略，涉及定义整脊范式、指导教育和构建专业身份。在每个领域，整脊学学者往往优先建立证据基础，并与医学和其他相关健康专业更加一致。尽管一些从业者支持这一议程，但其他人则努力维护整脊疗法的活力论哲学和专业特色。根据布迪厄的观点，这些专业内部的斗争被解释为发生在一个领域内，在这个领域中，整脊师为不同形式的资本竞争，被两个对立的极点所吸引。该领域两个极点所追求的不同方向和策略表明，这种 CAM 专业可能有多种未来，包括该专业本身可能会分裂。
