Colomba Claudia, Cascio Antonio, Caruso Calogero, Trizzino Marcello, Gioè Claudia, Guadagnino Giuliana, Tuttolomondo Antonino, Pinto Antonio, Saracino Annalisa, Angarano Gioacchino, Di Bona Danilo
Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, Università di Palermo.
Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Palermo.
Recenti Prog Med. 2017 Jul-Aug;108(7):333-337. doi: 10.1701/2731.27839.
Immunological mechanisms involved in the genesis of the immune response against viral infections take into account the activation of both innate adaptative response. Innate immune defenses trigger a rapid local response, which is often sufficient to control viral infection, and promotes the subsequent activation of specific immune defenses. Natural killer (NK) cells that constitute a subpopulation of lymphocyte-related cells are a key factor of innate immune response and play a role in defense against viral infections by killing infected cells or by producing cytokines and interacting with adaptative immune system's cells. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) regulate the activation of NK cells through their interaction with human leukocyte antigens (HLA). KIRs and HLA loci are highly polymorphic and certain HLA-KIRs combinations have been found to protect against viral infections. In this study we review how the KIRs/HLA repertoire may influence the course of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) infection. Results of our study suggest that a combination of KIRs/HLA gene/alleles is able to predict the outcome of viral infection and allows to plan successful customized therapeutic strategies.
参与针对病毒感染的免疫反应发生过程的免疫机制考虑了固有免疫反应和适应性免疫反应的激活。固有免疫防御引发快速的局部反应，这通常足以控制病毒感染，并促进随后特异性免疫防御的激活。作为淋巴细胞相关细胞亚群的自然杀伤（NK）细胞是固有免疫反应的关键因素，通过杀死被感染细胞或产生细胞因子并与适应性免疫系统的细胞相互作用，在抵御病毒感染中发挥作用。杀伤免疫球蛋白样受体（KIR）通过与人类白细胞抗原（HLA）相互作用来调节NK细胞的激活。KIR和HLA基因座具有高度多态性，并且已发现某些HLA-KIR组合可预防病毒感染。在本研究中，我们综述了KIR/HLA组合如何影响乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、巨细胞病毒（CMV）和单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）感染的进程。我们的研究结果表明，KIR/HLA基因/等位基因的组合能够预测病毒感染的结果，并有助于制定成功的定制治疗策略。
