CINEICC - Cognitive - Behavioural Research Centre, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Psychol Psychother. 2018 Mar;91(1):79-94. doi: 10.1111/papt.12146. Epub 2017 Aug 28.
Previous research has demonstrated a link between early experiences of warmth, safeness, and soothing, and positive feelings, health, and well-being outcomes. Although the impact of positive parent-related early relationships and its posterior recall is well documented, research on the recall of warmth and safeness experiences within early peer relationships remains scarce. In fact, it is considered that the protective role of early positive peer relationships deserves intensive research; however, a specific measure that assesses this construct is still to be created. This study describes the development and validation of a new measure designed to assess the recall of early experiences of warmth, safeness, and affection in relation to peers (EMWSS-peers).
Distinct samples, comprising individuals of both genders aged between 18 and 68 years old, were used to test the EMWSS-peers factorial structure through principal axis factoring (PAF) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and to examine its psychometric properties.
Principal axis factoring's results indicated that the 12-item scale presents a one-factor structure explaining a total of 71.50% of the variance. The CFA confirmed the plausibility of this structure. The EMWSS-peers also presented excellent internal consistency and construct, concurrent, and divergent validities.
The EMWSS-peers seems to be a new avenue for the study of memories of early experiences with friends and colleagues and may entail a relevant contribution to clinical and research fields, particularly for upcoming investigations on the relationship of peer-related affiliative memories with well-being and mental health.
The EMWSS-peers is a specific measure to assess the recall of warmth and safeness in early peer relationships. The EMWSS-peers is a brief, robust, and reliable self-report instrument. The EMWSS-peers presented excellent internal consistency and construct, concurrent, and divergent validities. The EMWSS-peers may open a new avenue for the study of memories of early peer-related experiences, with potential clinical and research implications.
先前的研究表明，早期经历的温暖、安全和抚慰与积极的情感、健康和幸福感之间存在关联。尽管积极的与父母相关的早期关系及其后续回忆的影响已经得到充分证明，但关于早期同伴关系中温暖和安全体验的回忆研究仍然很少。事实上，人们认为早期积极的同伴关系的保护作用值得深入研究；然而，仍然需要创建一个专门评估这一结构的特定措施。本研究描述了一种新的评估工具的开发和验证，该工具旨在评估与同伴有关的早期温暖、安全和情感体验的回忆（EMWSS-同伴）。
使用不同的样本，包括年龄在 18 至 68 岁之间的男性和女性个体，通过主轴因子分析（PAF）和验证性因素分析（CFA）来测试 EMWSS-同伴的因子结构，并检验其心理测量特性。
主轴因子分析的结果表明，该 12 项量表具有单一因子结构，可解释总方差的 71.50%。CFA 证实了这种结构的合理性。EMWSS-同伴还具有极好的内部一致性和结构、同时性和发散性有效性。
EMWSS-同伴似乎是研究与朋友和同事早期经历的记忆的新途径，可能对临床和研究领域做出重要贡献，特别是对同伴相关的依恋记忆与幸福感和心理健康关系的未来研究。
EMWSS-同伴是一种评估早期同伴关系中温暖和安全回忆的特定方法。EMWSS-同伴是一种简短、可靠且可靠的自我报告工具。EMWSS-同伴具有极好的内部一致性和结构、同时性和发散性有效性。EMWSS-同伴可能为研究早期同伴相关经历的记忆开辟新途径，具有潜在的临床和研究意义。
