Lurie Ido
Department of Psychiatry, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv; and Shalvata Mental Health Centre, Hod Hasharon, Israel.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2017 Sep;205(9):665-671. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000717.
After World War II, traumatic after effects often caused persistent sleep disorders for Holocaust survivors (HSs). This is a review of studies reporting on sleep disturbances and nightmares (as primary or secondary outcomes) among HSs between 1939 and 2015, conducted in various countries and contexts (clinical settings, pension claims, community surveys, sleep laboratories). Most studies revealed various sleep disturbances among HSs. Some studies found those disturbances in the absence of clinical disorders. Both men and women reported similar frequencies of sleep disturbances, although posttraumatic stress disorder and depression were more frequent in women. Sleep laboratory studies provided the single most direct and detailed sources of information. Findings included a) long-standing changes in sleep architecture, for example, decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and b) contrasting patterns of dreaming and recall among better versus poorly adjusted survivors. These results are of importance to both HSs and their families and for medical and mental health professionals.
第二次世界大战后，创伤后遗症常常导致大屠杀幸存者（HSs）出现持续的睡眠障碍。本文回顾了1939年至2015年间在不同国家和背景下（临床环境、养老金索赔、社区调查、睡眠实验室）开展的关于HSs睡眠障碍和噩梦（作为主要或次要结果）的研究。大多数研究揭示了HSs存在各种睡眠障碍。一些研究发现，在没有临床疾病的情况下也存在这些障碍。男性和女性报告的睡眠障碍频率相似，尽管创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症在女性中更为常见。睡眠实验室研究提供了最直接和详细的单一信息来源。研究结果包括：a）睡眠结构的长期变化，例如快速眼动（REM）睡眠减少；b）适应良好与适应不良的幸存者在梦境和回忆模式上的差异。这些结果对HSs及其家人以及医学和心理健康专业人员都具有重要意义。
