Johnson G F, Hunt G E
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1979 Mar;13(1):57-61. doi: 10.3109/00048677909159110.
Onset of mania was evaluated retrospectively in 48 bipolar manic-depressive patients. Mania occurred as the initial episode in 40% of cases. In patients with initial episode of depression, approximately 80% developed mania prior to their third episodes of depression and within 5 years from the onset of this illness. Differences in type of illness onset were related to family history of bipolar illness and sex of the proband. Male patients with a positive family history were significantly more likely to manifest mania at onset of illness.
对48例双相躁郁症患者的躁狂发作进行了回顾性评估。躁狂发作作为首发症状出现在40%的病例中。在首发为抑郁发作的患者中，约80%在第三次抑郁发作之前且在疾病发作后的5年内出现躁狂发作。疾病发作类型的差异与双相情感障碍的家族史和先证者的性别有关。有阳性家族史的男性患者在疾病发作时更易出现躁狂发作。
