ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Lisbon, Portugal.
Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Ottawa University, Canada.
Pain. 2017 Nov;158(11):2066-2076. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001033.
Adults with chronic pain cite social support (SS) as an important resource. Research has mostly focused on general SS or pain-specific solicitousness, resulting in a limited understanding of the role of SS in pain experiences. Drawing on SS theoretical models, this review aimed to understand how pain-related SS has been conceptualized and measured and how its relationship with pain experiences has been investigated. Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework guided the study. A database search (2000-2015) was conducted in PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE using a combination of subject headings/keywords on pain and SS; 3864 citations were screened; 101 full texts were assessed for eligibility; references of 52 papers were hand searched. Fifty-three studies were included. Most studies were either a-theoretical or drew upon the operant conditioning model. There are several self-report measures and observational systems to operationalize pain-related SS. However, the Multidimensional Pain Inventory remains the most often used, accounting for the centrality of the concept of solicitousness in the literature. Most studies focused on individuals with chronic pain self-report of spousal pain-related SS and investigated its main effects on pain outcomes. Only a minority investigated the role of pain SS within the stress and coping process (as a buffer or mediator). Little is known about mediating pathways, contextual modulation of the effectiveness of SS exchanges, and there are practically no SS-based intervention studies. Drawing on general SS models, the main gaps in pain-related SS research are discussed and research directions for moving this literature beyond solicitousness are proposed.
患有慢性疼痛的成年人将社会支持 (SS) 视为重要资源。研究主要集中在一般 SS 或特定于疼痛的关心上，从而对 SS 在疼痛体验中的作用的理解有限。本综述借鉴 SS 理论模型，旨在了解如何概念化和衡量与疼痛相关的 SS，以及如何研究其与疼痛体验的关系。阿特赛和奥马利的范围综述框架指导了这项研究。在 PsycINFO、CINAHL、MEDLINE 和 EMBASE 中使用主题词/关键词组合对疼痛和 SS 进行了数据库搜索（2000-2015 年）；筛选了 3864 个引用；评估了 101 篇全文的合格性；手工搜索了 52 篇论文的参考文献。共纳入 53 项研究。大多数研究要么没有理论依据，要么借鉴操作性条件反射模型。有几种自我报告的测量方法和观察系统来操作与疼痛相关的 SS。然而，多维疼痛量表仍然是最常用的，这说明了在文献中关心的概念的中心地位。大多数研究都集中在慢性疼痛患者对配偶疼痛相关 SS 的自我报告上，并研究了其对疼痛结果的主要影响。只有少数研究调查了疼痛 SS 在压力和应对过程中的作用（作为缓冲或中介）。关于 SS 交换的中介途径、SS 有效性的上下文调节以及实际上没有基于 SS 的干预研究，知之甚少。本文借鉴一般 SS 模型，讨论了与疼痛相关的 SS 研究中的主要差距，并提出了将该文献从关心扩展到其他领域的研究方向。
