Neurosurgery Department.
IMABRAIN, INSERM U894, and.
Neurosurg Focus. 2017 Sep;43(3):E9. doi: 10.3171/2017.6.FOCUS17250.
Sainte-Anne Hospital is the largest psychiatric hospital in Paris. Its long and fascinating history began in the 18th century. In 1952, it was at Sainte-Anne Hospital that Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker used the first neuroleptic, chlorpromazine, to cure psychiatric patients, putting an end to the expansion of psychosurgery. The Department of Neuro-psychosurgery was created in 1941. The works of successive heads of the Neurosurgery Department at Sainte-Anne Hospital summarized the history of psychosurgery in France. Pierre Puech defined psychosurgery as the necessary cooperation between neurosurgeons and psychiatrists to treat the conditions causing psychiatric symptoms, from brain tumors to mental health disorders. He reported the results of his series of 369 cases and underlined the necessity for proper follow-up and postoperative re-education, illustrating the relative caution of French neurosurgeons concerning psychosurgery. Marcel David and his assistants tried to follow their patients closely postoperatively; this resulted in numerous publications with significant follow-up and conclusions. As early as 1955, David reported intellectual degradation 2 years after prefrontal leucotomies. Jean Talairach, a psychiatrist who eventually trained as a neurosurgeon, was the first to describe anterior capsulotomy in 1949. He operated in several hospitals outside of Paris, including the Sarthe Psychiatric Hospital and the Public Institution of Mental Health in the Lille region. He developed stereotactic surgery, notably stereo-electroencephalography, for epilepsy surgery but also to treat psychiatric patients using stereotactic lesioning with radiofrequency ablation or radioactive seeds of yttrium-90. The evolution of functional neurosurgery has been marked by the development of deep brain stimulation, in particular for obsessive-compulsive disorder, replacing the former lesional stereotactic procedures. The history of Sainte-Anne Hospital's Neurosurgery Department sheds light on the initiation-yet fast reconsideration-of psychosurgery in France. This relatively more prudent attitude toward the practice of psychosurgery compared with other countries was probably due to the historically strong collaboration between psychiatrists and neurosurgeons in France.
圣安娜医院是巴黎最大的精神病院。它悠久而迷人的历史始于 18 世纪。1952 年，Jean Delay 和 Pierre Deniker 在圣安娜医院首次使用了第一代抗精神病药物氯丙嗪来治疗精神病患者，从而结束了精神外科的扩张。神经精神外科于 1941 年成立。圣安娜医院神经外科历任主任的著作总结了法国精神外科学的历史。Pierre Puech 将精神外科学定义为神经外科医生和精神科医生之间的必要合作，以治疗引起精神症状的疾病，从脑肿瘤到精神健康障碍。他报告了他的 369 例系列病例的结果，并强调了适当的随访和术后再教育的必要性，这说明了法国神经外科医生对精神外科学的相对谨慎。Marcel David 及其助手试图在术后密切随访他们的患者；这导致了许多具有重要随访和结论的出版物。早在 1955 年，David 就报道了前额叶白质切开术后 2 年的智力下降。Jean Talairach 是一名精神科医生，后来成为神经外科医生，他于 1949 年首次描述了前囊切开术。他在巴黎以外的几家医院进行了手术，包括萨尔特精神病院和里尔地区的公共精神卫生机构。他开发了立体定向手术，特别是立体脑电图，用于癫痫手术，也用于使用射频消融或钇 90 放射性种子进行立体定向损毁治疗精神病患者。功能神经外科的发展标志着深部脑刺激的发展，特别是对于强迫症，取代了以前的病灶立体定向手术。圣安娜医院神经外科的历史揭示了法国精神外科学的发起——很快就重新考虑。与其他国家相比，法国对精神外科学的实践采取了相对更为谨慎的态度，这可能是由于法国精神病医生和神经外科医生之间历史悠久的密切合作。
