Leidenheimer Nancy J
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveport, LA, United States.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2017 Aug 15;11:245. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00245. eCollection 2017.
The functional unit for inter-neuronal communication in the central nervous system is the neuronal synapse. The number of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors at the cell surface is an important determinant of synaptic efficacy and plasticity. A diverse array of post-translational processes regulate postsynaptic receptor number, including receptor exocytosis, lateral diffusion, surface stabilization, endocytosis, and recycling, thus highlighting the importance of mechanisms that control postsynaptic receptor levels. Another putative post-translational mechanism for regulating receptor surface expression is cognate ligand chaperoning. It has been proposed that neurotransmitters function as cognate ligand chaperones by binding, within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, to their nascent neurotransmitter receptors and facilitating receptor biogenesis. Here we discuss proof-of-concept evidence that small molecules can selectively facilitate the biogenesis of their targets and examine the specific evidence in support of cognate ligand chaperoning of neurotransmitter receptor biogenesis.
中枢神经系统中神经元间通讯的功能单位是神经元突触。细胞表面突触后神经递质受体的数量是突触效能和可塑性的重要决定因素。多种翻译后过程调节突触后受体数量，包括受体胞吐、侧向扩散、表面稳定、内吞和再循环，从而突出了控制突触后受体水平机制的重要性。另一种调节受体表面表达的假定翻译后机制是同源配体伴侣作用。有人提出，神经递质通过在内质网（ER）腔中与其新生的神经递质受体结合并促进受体生物合成，从而发挥同源配体伴侣的作用。在这里，我们讨论小分子可以选择性促进其靶标生物合成的概念验证证据，并研究支持神经递质受体生物合成同源配体伴侣作用的具体证据。
