Wei Xiangyu, Zheng Xuesheng, Li Shiting, Zhong Wenxiang, Chen Zheng
Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital (The Cranial Nerve Disease Center of Shanghai), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
J Craniofac Surg. 2017 Sep;28(6):e551-e554. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003846.
Hemifacial spasm is a hyperactive cranial nerve disease mainly characterized by unilateral facial muscles paroxysmal, involuntary, irregular and clonic convulsion. Standard microvascular decompression is currently the most effective solution. During operation, it is pivotal to conduct a sharp dissection of arachnoid membrane around the caudal cranial nerves and facial, auditory nerves for fully exposure of pontomedullary sulcus, and lateral pontine region. In this article, the authors demonstrate a hemifacial spasm patient who underwent microvascular decompression successfully in their department. But the authors encountered a serious barrier to the exploration of facial nerve and its offending vessels before decompression and found that posterior inferior cerebellar artery tightly adhered to petrous bone and closely attached to a petrosal vein on cerebellar surface at the same time. The petrosal vein was also seriously stuck to petrous bone. To solve this practical difficulty, the authors employed sharp point knife blade and microsurgical scissors boldly to separate posterior inferior cerebellar artery from the dura mater of petrous bone bidirectionally and bipolar coagulation for effective hemostasis. And then the authors moderately dealt with the surface adhesion of cerebellum for smooth exploration instead of processing the petrosal vein attached to petrous bone because the authors did not want to sacrifice this vein. Relative to the routine microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm, treatments of the adhensions before decompression were the key technology of this operation.
面肌痉挛是一种以单侧面部肌肉阵发性、不自主、不规则和强直性抽搐为主要特征的颅神经功能亢进性疾病。标准的微血管减压术是目前最有效的治疗方法。手术过程中,关键是要锐性分离后组颅神经周围及面神经、听神经周围的蛛网膜,充分暴露脑桥延髓沟和脑桥外侧区域。在本文中,作者展示了一名在其科室成功接受微血管减压术的面肌痉挛患者。但作者在减压前探查面神经及其责任血管时遇到了严重障碍,发现小脑后下动脉紧密附着于岩骨,同时紧贴小脑表面的一条岩静脉。该岩静脉也严重粘连于岩骨。为解决这一实际困难,作者大胆使用尖刀片和显微剪刀双向分离小脑后下动脉与岩骨硬脑膜,并采用双极电凝有效止血。然后作者适度处理小脑表面粘连以利于顺利探查,而未处理附着于岩骨的岩静脉,因为作者不想牺牲这条静脉。相对于常规的面肌痉挛微血管减压术,减压前处理粘连是该手术的关键技术。