State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Dec 15;204(Pt 1):92-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.043. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
Effects of land use development on runoff patterns are salient at a hydrological response unit scale. However, quantitative analysis at the watershed scale is still a challenge due to the complex spatial heterogeneity of the upstream and downstream hydrological relationships and the inherent structure of drainage systems. This study aims to use the well-calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to assess the response of hydrological processes under different land use scenarios in a large lake watershed (Lake Dongting) in the middle Yangtze River basin in China. Based on possible land use changes, scale-dependent land use scenarios were developed and parameters embedded in SWAT were calibrated and validated for hydrological systems analysis. This approach leads to the simulation of the land use change impacts on the hydrological cycle. Results indicated that evapotranspiration, surface runoff, groundwater flow, and water yield were affected by the land use change scenarios in different magnitudes. Overall, changes of land use and land cover have significant impacts on runoff patterns at the watershed scale in terms of both the total water yield (i.e., groundwater flow, surface runoff, and interflow, minus transmission losses) and the spatial distribution of runoff. The changes in runoff distribution were resulted in opposite impacts within the two land use scenarios including forest and agriculture. Water yield has a decrease of 1.8 percent in the forest-prone landscape scenario and an increase of 4.2 percent in the agriculture-rich scenario during the simulated period. Surface runoff was the most affected component in the hydrological cycle. Whereas surface runoff as part of water yield has a decrease of 8.2 percent in the forest- prone landscape scenario, there is an increase of 8.6 percent in the agriculture-rich landscape scenario. Different runoff patterns associated with each land use scenario imply the potential effect on flood or drought mitigation policy. Based on the results, key areas were identified to show that hydrological extreme mitigation and flood control can be coordinated by some land use regulations.
土地利用开发对径流动态的影响在水文响应单元尺度上较为显著。然而，由于上下游水文关系的复杂空间异质性以及排水系统的固有结构，在流域尺度上进行定量分析仍然具有挑战性。本研究旨在利用经过良好校准的土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）来评估中国长江中游地区一个大湖流域（洞庭湖）不同土地利用情景下水文过程的响应。基于可能的土地利用变化，开发了尺度相关的土地利用情景，并对 SWAT 中的参数进行了校准和验证，以进行水文系统分析。这种方法导致了对土地利用变化对水文循环影响的模拟。结果表明，蒸散、地表径流、地下水流动和产水量受到不同程度的土地利用变化情景的影响。总体而言，土地利用和土地覆被的变化对流域尺度上的径流模式产生了重大影响，无论是总产水量（即地下水流动、地表径流和壤中流减去传输损失）还是径流的空间分布。在森林和农业两种土地利用情景下，径流分布的变化产生了相反的影响。在模拟期间，在森林为主的景观情景下，产水量减少了 1.8%，而在农业为主的情景下则增加了 4.2%。地表径流是水文循环中受影响最大的组成部分。尽管地表径流作为产水量的一部分，在森林为主的景观情景下减少了 8.2%，但在农业为主的景观情景下增加了 8.6%。与每种土地利用情景相关的不同径流模式意味着对洪水或干旱缓解政策的潜在影响。根据研究结果，确定了关键区域，表明通过一些土地利用法规可以协调水文极值缓解和洪水控制。
