de Fraga Rafael, Lima Albertina P, Magnusson William E, Ferrão Miquéias, Stow Adam J
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. Efigênio Salles, 2936, Aleixo, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Coordenação de Biodiversidade (CBio), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil; and Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
J Hered. 2017 Jul 1;108(5):524-534. doi: 10.1093/jhered/esx051.
Knowledge of genetic structure, geographic distance and environmental heterogeneity can be used to identify environmental features and natural history traits that influence dispersal and gene flow. Foraging mode is a trait that might predict dispersal capacity in snakes, because actively foragers typically have greater movement rates than ambush predators. Here, we test the hypothesis that 2 actively foraging snakes have higher levels of gene flow than 2 ambush predators. We evaluated these 4 co-distributed species of snakes in the Brazilian Amazon. Snakes were sampled along an 880 km transect from the central to the southwest of the Amazon basin, which covered a mosaic of vegetation types and seasonal differences in climate. We analyzed thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms to compare patterns of neutral gene flow based on isolation by geographic distance (IBD) and environmental resistance (IBR). We show that IBD and IBR were only evident in ambush predators, implying lower levels of dispersal than the active foragers. Therefore, gene flow was high enough in the active foragers analyzed here to prevent any build-up of spatial genotypic structure with respect to geographic distance and environmental heterogeneity.
对遗传结构、地理距离和环境异质性的了解可用于识别影响扩散和基因流动的环境特征和自然历史特性。觅食模式是一种可能预测蛇扩散能力的特性，因为主动觅食者通常比伏击捕食者具有更高的移动速率。在这里，我们检验这样一个假设：两种主动觅食的蛇比两种伏击捕食者具有更高水平的基因流动。我们评估了巴西亚马逊地区这4种同域分布的蛇类。沿着一条从亚马逊盆地中部到西南部的880公里样带对蛇进行采样，该样带覆盖了多种植被类型和气候季节差异。我们分析了数千个单核苷酸多态性，以基于地理距离隔离（IBD）和环境抗性（IBR）比较中性基因流动模式。我们发现IBD和IBR仅在伏击捕食者中明显，这意味着其扩散水平低于主动觅食者。因此，在此分析的主动觅食者中，基因流动足够高，以防止相对于地理距离和环境异质性形成任何空间基因型结构。
