School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 Dec;61(12). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700566. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
High glycaemic sugars result in blood-glucose spikes, while large doses of post-prandial fructose inundate the liver, causing an imbalance in energy metabolism, both leading to increased risk of metabolic malfunction and type 2 diabetes. Acarbose, used for diabetes management, reduces post-prandial hyperglycaemia by delaying carbohydrate digestion.
Chamomile and green teas both inhibited digestive enzymes (α-amylase and maltase) related to intestinal sugar release, as already established for acarbose. However, acarbose had no effect on uptake of sugars using both differentiated human Caco-2 cell monolayers and Xenopus oocytes expressing human glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) and GLUT5. Both teas effectively inhibited transport of fructose and glucose through GLUT2 inhibition, while chamomile tea also inhibited GLUT5. Long term incubation of Caco-2/TC7 cells with chamomile tea for 16 h or 4 days did not enhance the observed effects, indicating that inhibition is acute. Sucrase activity was directly inhibited by green tea and acarbose, but not chamomile.
These findings show that chamomile and green teas are potential tools to manage absorption and metabolism of sugars with efficacy against high sugar bolus stress inflicted, for example, by high fructose syrups, where the drug acarbose would be ineffective.
高血糖糖会导致血糖飙升，而大量餐后果糖会涌入肝脏，导致能量代谢失衡，这两种情况都会增加代谢功能障碍和 2 型糖尿病的风险。用于糖尿病管理的阿卡波糖通过延迟碳水化合物消化来降低餐后高血糖。
正如阿卡波糖已经证实的那样，洋甘菊和绿茶都能抑制与肠道糖释放有关的消化酶（α-淀粉酶和麦芽糖酶）。然而，阿卡波糖对使用分化的人 Caco-2 细胞单层和表达人葡萄糖转运蛋白 2（GLUT2）和 GLUT5 的非洲爪蟾卵母细胞中的糖摄取均没有影响。两种茶都能有效抑制果糖和葡萄糖通过 GLUT2 抑制的转运，而洋甘菊茶还能抑制 GLUT5。用洋甘菊茶长期孵育 Caco-2/TC7 细胞 16 小时或 4 天不会增强观察到的效果，表明抑制是急性的。绿茶和阿卡波糖直接抑制蔗糖酶活性，但洋甘菊茶则不然。
这些发现表明，洋甘菊和绿茶可能是管理糖吸收和代谢的工具，对高糖脉冲应激具有疗效，例如高果糖糖浆，而阿卡波糖在这种情况下则无效。
