Generation and Evaluation of Novel Stromal Cell-Containing Tissue Engineered Artificial Stromas for the Surgical Repair of Abdominal Defects.

Repair of abdominal wall defects is one of the major clinical challenges in abdominal surgery. Most biomaterials are associated to infection and severe complications, making necessary safer and more biocompatible approaches. In the present work, the adequate mechanical properties of synthetic polymer meshes with tissue-engineered matrices containing stromal mesenchymal cells is combined to generate a novel cell-containing tissue-like artificial stroma (SCTLAS) for use in abdominal wall repair. SCTLAS consisting on fibrin-agarose hydrogels seeded with stromal cells and reinforced with commercial surgical meshes (SM) are evaluated in vitro and in vivo in animal models of abdominal wall defect. Inflammatory cells, collagen, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components are analyzed and compared with grafted SM. Use of SCTLAS results in less inflammation and less fibrosis than SM, with most ECM components being very similar to control abdominal wall tissues. Cell migration and ECM remodeling within SCTLAS is comparable to control tissues. The use of SCTLAS could contribute to reduce the side-effects associated to currently available SM and regenerated tissues are more similar to control abdominal wall tissues. Bioengineered SCTLAS could contribute to a safer treatment of abdominal wall defects with higher biocompatibility than currently available SM.