Cieślik-Tarkota Renata, Albertyńska Marta, Rozwadowska Beata, Lorenc Zbigniew, Mendera-Bożek Urszula
The Voivodeship Sanitary - Epidemiological Station in Katowice
Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Health Sciences
Przegl Epidemiol. 2017;71(2):199-205.
In hospitals outbreaks of nosocomial infections are recorded i.e. the occurrence of at least two clearly related cases of infections. In these outbreaks not only patients but also hospital staff are getting infected. Due to the fact, that nosocomial infections are inseparably related to the hospitalisation of the patients, there is a need to build a culture of active surveillance of emerging infections and their reporting to the authorities of the State Sanitary Inspection.
This article was developed on the basis of the information gathered in the report about the occurrence of outbreaks in entities carrying out the medical activities. This report is the result of the analysis of the preliminary reports submitted by the hospitals in the cases where there was a suspicion of or an epidemic outbreak and the final reports of the epidemic outbreak suppressions.
In the years 2011-2015 in all hospitals in Poland a total number of 1 912 outbreaks of nosocomial infections was reported; in those outbreaks 15 282 patients and 1 226 medical personnel were infected. The biggest numbers of outbreaks of nosocomial infections were reported in the voivodeships: Masovia and Silesia. The most frequently etiological factor was Clostridium difficile; it caused 519 hospital outbreaks. Out of the viral factors, most of the outbreaks were due to the rotavirus - 359 of such instances. In addition to the numerous bacterial and viral factors, the outbreaks of nosocomial infections were also caused by fungi and parasites.
医院记录有医院感染暴发情况，即至少出现两例明显相关的感染病例。在这些暴发中，不仅患者会被感染，医院工作人员也会被感染。由于医院感染与患者住院密切相关，因此有必要建立一种对新出现感染进行主动监测并向国家卫生检查当局报告的文化。
本文是根据在开展医疗活动的实体中收集的有关暴发情况报告中的信息编写而成。该报告是对医院在怀疑或发生疫情暴发时提交的初步报告以及疫情暴发控制的最终报告进行分析的结果。
2011 - 2015年期间，波兰所有医院共报告了1912起医院感染暴发事件；在这些暴发事件中，有15282名患者和1226名医务人员被感染。医院感染暴发事件报告数量最多的省是马佐夫舍省和西里西亚省。最常见的病因是艰难梭菌，它导致了519起医院暴发事件。在病毒因素中，大多数暴发是由轮状病毒引起的——有359起此类事件。除了众多细菌和病毒因素外，医院感染暴发还由真菌和寄生虫引起。
