a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston , IL , USA.
b Pritzker School of Medicine , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2018 Feb;32(2):186-216. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1365932. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
This paper describes gender-related trends within clinical neuropsychology, based primarily on recurrent practice surveys within the specialty and, to a lesser extent, job-related information from medical specialties and the general U.S. labor market.
Chronological and cross-sectional analyses of professional practice survey data from 2005, 2010, and 2015 relevant to gender. As is common with survey data, descriptive analysis and independent samples t-tests were conducted. Longitudinal data allowed for examination of gender trends, as well as observations of change and stability of factors associated with gender, over time.
Women have become dominant in number in clinical neuropsychology, and also comprise a vast majority of practitioners entering the specialty. Gender differences are noted in professional identity, work status, work settings, types of career satisfaction, and retirement expectations. Women are more likely to identify work environment and personal/family obstacles to aspects of career satisfaction. A gender pay gap was found at all time points and is not narrowing. As is true nationally, multiple factors appear related to the gender pay gap in clinical neuropsychology.
Women in neuropsychology are now dominant in number, and their presence is strongly associated with specific practice patterns, such as greater institutional employment, less involvement in forensic practice, and strong involvement in pediatric practice, which may be maintaining the sizeable gender pay gap in neuropsychology. As the proportion of women neuropsychologists continues to increase, flexible work hours, and alternative means of remuneration may be needed to offset current disproportionate family-related responsibilities.
本文主要基于该专业反复进行的实践调查，以及从医学专业和美国普通劳动力市场获取的与工作相关的信息，描述临床神经心理学中的性别相关趋势。
对 2005 年、2010 年和 2015 年与性别相关的专业实践调查数据进行了时间序列和横断面分析。与调查数据一样，进行了描述性分析和独立样本 t 检验。纵向数据允许检查性别趋势，以及观察与性别相关的因素随时间的变化和稳定性。
女性在临床神经心理学中的人数占主导地位，并且也是进入该专业的从业者的绝大多数。在职业身份、工作状况、工作场所、职业满意度类型和退休期望方面存在性别差异。女性更有可能将工作环境和个人/家庭障碍视为职业满意度的一部分。在所有时间点都发现了性别薪酬差距，且差距并没有缩小。与全国情况一样，多个因素似乎与临床神经心理学中的性别薪酬差距有关。
神经心理学领域的女性人数现在占据主导地位，她们的存在与特定的实践模式密切相关，例如更多地在机构中工作、较少参与法医实践以及强烈参与儿科实践，这可能维持了神经心理学中相当大的性别薪酬差距。随着女性神经心理学家的比例继续增加，可能需要灵活的工作时间和替代薪酬方式来抵消当前不成比例的与家庭相关的责任。
