Berggren U
Int Dent J. 1987 Jun;37(2):127-36.
Dental fear is most often of multifactorial origin and is most successfully treated by behavioural therapies. The need for specialized treatments is related to the severity of the fear reaction and its consequences. For the majority of anxious patients simple treatment techniques readily available and applicable in general practice should be used. These procedures aim to restructure the patient's anticipation and evaluation of the dental situation. However, the establishment of specialized research and treatment centres has resulted in improved understanding and knowledge of the severely phobic patients with long-standing avoidance symptoms. These individuals suffer from more disseminated effects of dental fear and benefit most from broadly based therapies that use both cognitive-behavioural and psychophysiological components. There may also be indications for the use of pharmacological therapies. The immediate posttherapy successful outcome rates are at levels of 70 to 80 per cent for broadly based therapies or combinations of treatment modalities. In spite of an obvious shortage of follow-up investigations, Swedish studies on severely phobic and avoiding groups have revealed that similar outcome figures may be valid over longer periods of time. The Swedish studies also indicate beneficial side-effects on the patients' general well-being and psychosocial situation.
牙科恐惧通常源于多种因素，行为疗法对其治疗最为有效。是否需要特殊治疗取决于恐惧反应的严重程度及其后果。对于大多数焦虑患者，应采用一般牙科诊所易于获得和应用的简单治疗技术。这些方法旨在重塑患者对牙科情况的预期和评估。然而，专门研究和治疗中心的建立，增进了人们对患有长期回避症状的严重恐惧症患者的理解和认识。这些患者受牙科恐惧的影响更为广泛，从综合运用认知行为和心理生理成分的广泛疗法中获益最大。药物治疗也可能有适应证。综合疗法或多种治疗方式联合使用后的近期治疗成功率在70%至80%之间。尽管随访调查明显不足，但瑞典针对严重恐惧症和回避群体的研究表明，类似的治疗效果在较长时间内可能依然有效。瑞典的研究还表明，这对患者的总体幸福感和社会心理状况有有益的副作用。
