Baum B J
J Dent Res. 1987 Feb;66 Spec No:628-32. doi: 10.1177/00220345870660S104.
It is very well established that the principal control of salivary secretion is derived from autonomic innervation. Transmission of a neural signal to a salivary gland acinar cell occurs chemically via neurotransmitters, the first messengers of a secretory response. Neurotransmitters bind to specific cell surface receptor proteins, an event which activates precise transduction mechanisms which then transfer the neural signal to the inside of the cell. There are two major transduction mechanisms operative in salivary gland acinar cells. One involves the generation of cAMP, the other involves the breakdown of plasma membrane polyphosphoinositides. For both mechanisms, the appropriate stimulated receptor activates a second plasma membrane protein, termed an N (or G) protein. The N protein requires GTP to activate an enzyme (adenylate cyclase or phospholipase C), which then catalyzes the formation of a second messenger (cAMP and inositol trisphosphate/diacylglycerol, respectively). This action provides the intracellular signal for secretory events (protein, fluid, electrolyte secretion) to begin.
唾液分泌的主要控制源于自主神经支配，这一点已得到充分证实。神经信号通过神经递质以化学方式传递至唾液腺腺泡细胞，神经递质是分泌反应的第一信使。神经递质与特定的细胞表面受体蛋白结合，这一事件激活精确的转导机制，进而将神经信号传递至细胞内部。唾液腺腺泡细胞中有两种主要的转导机制在起作用。一种涉及环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）的生成，另一种涉及质膜多磷酸肌醇的分解。对于这两种机制而言，适当被刺激的受体激活一种称为N（或G）蛋白的第二种质膜蛋白。N蛋白需要鸟苷三磷酸（GTP）来激活一种酶（腺苷酸环化酶或磷脂酶C），然后该酶分别催化生成第二信使（cAMP和肌醇三磷酸/二酰基甘油）。这一作用为分泌活动（蛋白质、液体、电解质分泌）开始提供细胞内信号。
