Alves Gabriela Hörnke, Paraginski Ricardo Tadeu, Lamas Nelisa de Souza, Hoffmann Jessica Fernanda, Vanier Nathan Levien, de Oliveira Maurício
Dept. of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal Univ. of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
J Food Sci. 2017 Oct;82(10):2276-2285. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.13802. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
This study compared the physicochemical and technological properties of the IRGA 410 rice cultivar, obtained from organic and conventional cropping systems, and showed its susceptibility to changes during storage at 0, 6, and 12 mo. The rice conventional cropping system exhibited greater protein, lipids, and ash levels, and a head rice yield. However, organic rice presented greater total carbohydrates, soluble protein, amylose content, 33% greater free phenolics, and phenolic acids, but exhibited a greater percentage of stained grains during the storage period. The free phenolic content of cooked rice was lower than the free phenolic content of the raw rice. By Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometer (LC-MS) were identified p-coumaric and ferulic acids in both fractions (free and bound). The content of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid in bound fraction was higher in organic brown rice than in conventional brown rice. At 6 and 12 mo of storage, the main fungi found were Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. Prior to storage, the Bipolaris sp. fungi was identified only in organic rice. For conventional rice, the infestation level by Aspergillus sp. increased from 3% to 70% at the 6th mo of storage. In addition to the advantage of organic rice being free of agrochemicals, this study revealed that natural plant defense compounds could be produced when the rice was subjected to more biotic and abiotic stresses. However, some disadvantages were observed, such as lower protein content and a greater percentage of soluble protein, which favored the breaking of rice in processing, and a greater percentage of grain stained before and during storage.
The organic and conventional cropping systems affect the physicochemical and technological properties of rice grains, which is one of the main cereals grown and consumed in the world. This study shows the advantages and disadvantages of the cropping system in grain properties that are in the interest of both consumers and processing industries.
本研究比较了从有机种植系统和传统种植系统获得的IRGA 410水稻品种的理化性质和工艺特性，并展示了其在0、6和12个月储存期间对变化的敏感性。传统种植系统的水稻表现出更高的蛋白质、脂质和灰分水平以及整精米率。然而，有机水稻的总碳水化合物、可溶性蛋白质、直链淀粉含量更高，游离酚类和酚酸含量高出33%，但在储存期间出现的染色粒百分比更高。煮熟米饭的游离酚含量低于生米的游离酚含量。通过液相色谱-质谱联用仪（LC-MS）在两个部分（游离和结合）中鉴定出对香豆酸和阿魏酸。有机糙米结合部分中的对香豆酸和阿魏酸含量高于传统糙米。在储存6个月和12个月时，发现的主要真菌是曲霉属和青霉属。在储存前，仅在有机水稻中鉴定出双极孢属真菌。对于传统水稻，曲霉属的侵染水平在储存第6个月时从3%增加到70%。除了有机水稻不含农用化学品这一优点外，本研究还表明，当水稻受到更多生物和非生物胁迫时，可以产生天然植物防御化合物。然而，也观察到一些缺点，如蛋白质含量较低和可溶性蛋白质百分比更高，这有利于加工过程中大米的破碎，以及储存前和储存期间染色粒的百分比更高。
有机种植系统和传统种植系统会影响水稻籽粒的理化性质和工艺特性，水稻是世界上种植和消费的主要谷物之一。本研究展示了种植系统在谷物特性方面的优缺点，这对消费者和加工业都有意义。
