aSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy bCentre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2017 Nov;26(6):435-441. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000370.
This review focuses on the recent technological advances in quantitative sodium (Na) MRI to provide a noninvasive measure of tissue viability for use in clinical studies of patients with kidney disease. Na MRI is the only noninvasive imaging technique that allows for the absolute spatial quantification of tissue sodium concentration (TSC), providing assessment of the corticomedullary sodium gradient (CMSG) in the kidney, and allowing measures of TSC in the skin and muscle.
Na MRI of the kidney has demonstrated the sensitivity to measure the CMSG, providing the normal range in healthy individuals and demonstrating a reduction in CMSG in kidney disease and transplanted kidneys. Studies using Na and H MRI have shown that in humans, skeletal muscle and skin can store sodium without water retention, and that sodium concentrations in muscle and skin increase with advancing age. Recent studies have shown that TSC can be mobilised during haemodialysis, and that skin sodium content links closely to left ventricular mass in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Na MRI is currently a research technique, but with future advances, Na MRI has potential to become a noninvasive renal biomarker and a measure of tissue sodium storage for clinical studies.
本文重点介绍定量钠（Na）磁共振成像的最新技术进展，为肾脏病患者的临床研究提供一种非侵入性的组织活力测量方法。Na 磁共振成像是唯一一种能够对组织钠浓度（TSC）进行绝对空间定量的非侵入性成像技术，可评估肾脏的皮质髓质钠梯度（CMSG），并可测量皮肤和肌肉中的 TSC。
肾脏的 Na 磁共振成像已证明具有测量 CMSG 的敏感性，提供了健康个体的正常范围，并证明了肾脏病和移植肾脏中 CMSG 的降低。使用 Na 和 H 磁共振成像的研究表明，在人类中，骨骼肌和皮肤可以在不保留水分的情况下储存钠，并且肌肉和皮肤中的钠浓度随着年龄的增长而增加。最近的研究表明，在血液透析过程中 TSC 可以被动员，并且慢性肾脏病患者的皮肤钠含量与左心室质量密切相关。
Na 磁共振成像是目前的一种研究技术，但随着未来的进展，Na 磁共振成像有可能成为一种非侵入性的肾脏生物标志物和组织钠储存的测量方法，用于临床研究。
