Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy.
Trends Immunol. 2017 Oct;38(10):719-732. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2017.07.012. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
From plants to mammals, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) specifically recognize DNA, as a potential marker of either infection or damage. These receptors play critical roles in inflammation, immunity, and pathogen resistance. Importantly, given the ubiquity of DNA, its sensing must be tightly regulated. DNA localization plays a key role in recognition, as highlighted by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in the endosomal compartment and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) in the cytoplasm. Sequence and structure also enhance recognition across species. Evidence in plants supports the sensing of extracellular DNA by PRRs, leading to calcium-dependent signaling, although no receptor has been definitively identified yet. Here, we review the shared and distinct features of DNA sensors, and their physiological functions, across the tree of life.
从植物到哺乳动物，模式识别受体 (PRRs) 特异性识别 DNA，将其作为感染或损伤的潜在标志物。这些受体在炎症、免疫和病原体抗性中发挥着关键作用。重要的是，鉴于 DNA 的普遍性，其感知必须受到严格调控。DNA 定位在识别中起着关键作用，这一点在 TLR9（Toll-like receptor 9）在内体区室中的作用和 AIM2（absent in melanoma 2）在细胞质中的作用中得到了强调。序列和结构也增强了跨物种的识别。植物中存在的证据支持 PRRs 对外源 DNA 的感知，导致钙离子依赖性信号转导，尽管尚未明确鉴定出任何受体。在这里，我们综述了 DNA 传感器在生命之树中的共同和独特特征及其生理功能。
