Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiologia, Biologia Molecular y Celular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiologia, Biologia Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2018 May;77:104-114. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.010. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
Perinatal environment plays a crucial role in brain development and determines its function through life. Epidemiological studies and clinical reports link perinatal exposure to infection and/or immune activation to various psychiatric disorders. In addition, accumulating evidence from animal models shows that perinatal inflammation can affect various behaviors relevant to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, anxiety and depression. Remarkably, the effects on behavior and brain function do not always depend on the type of inflammatory stimulus or the perinatal age targeted, so diverse inflammatory events can have similar consequences on the brain. Moreover, other perinatal environmental factors that affect behavior (e.g. diet and stress) also elicit inflammatory responses. Understanding the interplay between perinatal environment and inflammation on brain development is required to identify the mechanisms through which perinatal inflammation affect brain function in the adult animal. Evidence for the role of the peripheral immune system and glia on perinatal programming of behavior is discussed in this review, along with recent evidence for the role of epigenetic mechanisms affecting gene expression in the brain.
围产期环境在大脑发育中起着至关重要的作用，并通过一生来决定其功能。流行病学研究和临床报告将围产期感染和/或免疫激活与各种精神疾病联系起来。此外，动物模型的累积证据表明，围产期炎症会影响与精神疾病相关的各种行为，如精神分裂症、自闭症、焦虑和抑郁。值得注意的是，对行为和大脑功能的影响并不总是取决于炎症刺激的类型或针对的围产期年龄，因此不同的炎症事件可能对大脑产生相似的后果。此外，影响行为的其他围产期环境因素（例如饮食和压力）也会引发炎症反应。为了确定围产期炎症影响成年动物大脑功能的机制，需要了解围产期环境与炎症之间的相互作用。本文讨论了外周免疫系统和神经胶质细胞在围产期行为编程中的作用，以及最近关于影响大脑基因表达的表观遗传机制的作用的证据。
