Chen Chongjuan, Zhao Tiancheng, Liu Ruliang, Luo Liangguo
Agricultural Clean Watershed Innovation Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS; Key Laboratory for Agricultural Environment MOA, Beijing, 100081, China.
College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Sep 10;189(10):497. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6213-y.
Agricultural non-point source (ANPS) pollution is an important contributor to elevated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in surface waters, which can cause serious environmental problems. Considerable effort has therefore gone into the development of methods that control the ANPS input of N and P to surface waters. Phytoremediation has been extensively used because it is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient. The N and P loads from agricultural drainage are a potential threat to the water quality of the Yellow River in Ningxia, China. Yet, phytoremediation has only rarely been applied within the Ningxia irrigation area. In an experimental set-up, five species (Ipomoea aquatica, IA; Lactuca sativa, LS; Oryza sativa, OS; Typha latifolia, TL; Zizania latifolia, ZL) were evaluated for their ability to reduce N and P loads over 62 days and five observation periods. Total N and P concentrations, plant biomass, and nutrient content were measured. The results showed that OS, LS, and IA performed better than ZL and TL in terms of nutrients removal, biomass accumulation, and nutrients storage. The highest overall removal rates of N and P (57.7 and 57.3%, respectively) were achieved by LS treatment. In addition, plant uptake contributed significantly to nutrient removal, causing a 25.9-72.0% reduction in N removal and a 54.3-86.5% reduction in P removal. Thus, this study suggests that OS, LS, and IA would be more suitable than ZL and TL for controlling nutrient loads in the Ningxia irrigation area using phytoremediation.
农业面源污染是地表水氮（N）和磷（P）含量升高的重要原因，这可能会引发严重的环境问题。因此，人们付出了巨大努力来开发控制农业面源氮磷输入地表水的方法。植物修复因其成本效益高、环境友好且高效而被广泛应用。宁夏农业排水中的氮磷负荷对中国黄河宁夏段的水质构成潜在威胁。然而，植物修复在宁夏灌区的应用却很少。在一个实验装置中，评估了5种植物（蕹菜，IA；生菜，LS；水稻，OS；宽叶香蒲，TL；茭白，ZL）在62天内分5个观测期减少氮磷负荷的能力。测量了总氮和总磷浓度、植物生物量和养分含量。结果表明，在养分去除、生物量积累和养分储存方面，OS、LS和IA的表现优于ZL和TL。LS处理实现了最高的氮磷总去除率（分别为57.7%和57.3%）。此外，植物吸收对养分去除有显著贡献，使氮去除率降低了25.9 - 72.0%，磷去除率降低了54.3 - 86.5%。因此，本研究表明，对于利用植物修复控制宁夏灌区的养分负荷，OS、LS和IA比ZL和TL更合适。
