Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300c, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2017 Oct;15(5):401-411. doi: 10.1007/s11914-017-0402-z.
The bone is able to adapt its structure to mechanical signals via the bone remodeling process governed by mechanosensitive osteocytes. With aging, an imbalance in bone remodeling results in osteoporosis. In this review, we hypothesized that changes in lacunar morphology underlie the decreased bone mechanoresponsiveness to mechanical loading with aging.
Several studies have reported considerable variations in the shape of osteocytes and their lacunae with aging. Since osteocytes can sense matrix strain directly via their cell bodies, the variations in osteocyte morphology may cause changes in osteocyte mechanosensitivity. As a consequence, the load-adaptive response of osteocytes may change with aging, even when mechanical loading would remain unchanged. Though extensive quantitative data is lacking, evidence exists that the osteocyte lacunae are becoming smaller and more spherical with aging. Future dedicated studies might reveal whether these changes would affect osteocyte mechanosensation and the subsequent biological response, and whether this is (one of) the pathways involved in age-related bone loss.
骨骼通过受机械敏感的成骨细胞调控的骨重塑过程，使其结构能够适应机械信号。随着年龄的增长，骨重塑失衡会导致骨质疏松。在本篇综述中，我们假设，随着年龄的增长，骨陷窝形态的变化导致对机械负荷的骨机械响应性降低。
几项研究报道了成骨细胞及其骨陷窝的形态随年龄的变化相当大。由于成骨细胞可以通过细胞体直接感知基质应变，因此成骨细胞形态的变化可能会导致成骨细胞机械敏感性的变化。因此，即使机械负荷保持不变，成骨细胞的负荷适应性反应也可能随年龄而变化。虽然缺乏广泛的定量数据，但有证据表明，随着年龄的增长，骨陷窝会变得更小、更圆。未来的专门研究可能会揭示这些变化是否会影响成骨细胞的机械感知和随后的生物学反应，以及这是否是（其中之一）与年龄相关的骨丢失相关的途径。
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