Landess Jacqueline, Holoyda Brian
Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, U.S.A.
Behav Sci Law. 2017 Sep;35(5-6):501-511. doi: 10.1002/bsl.2307. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
Problem-solving courts (PSCs) developed as a means of mandating treatment and judicial supervision of certain types of court participants. PSCs have rapidly expanded in number and type over several decades. Mental health courts (MHCs) are a type of PSC that arose in response to the growing number of persons with mental illness within the criminal justice system. Their primary role is to divert individuals with mental illness from incarceration into psychiatric treatment and to reduce recidivism while improving psychosocial functioning of participants. Although different in history, philosophy, and program structure, forensic assertive community treatment (FACT) programs serve a similar goal of reducing recidivism and improving functioning in persons with mental illness who are involved with the criminal justice system. FACTs may be used as a standalone diversion option or be linked with a MHC as a form of intensive treatment and monitoring. Suggestions for future research and evaluation of these programs are offered.
问题解决法庭（PSCs）是作为对特定类型法庭参与者进行强制治疗和司法监督的一种手段而发展起来的。在过去几十年里，问题解决法庭在数量和类型上都迅速扩张。心理健康法庭（MHCs）是问题解决法庭的一种类型，它是为应对刑事司法系统中患有精神疾病的人数不断增加而产生的。其主要作用是将患有精神疾病的个体从监禁转向接受精神治疗，并在改善参与者心理社会功能的同时减少累犯。尽管法医积极社区治疗（FACT）项目在历史、理念和项目结构上有所不同，但它服务于一个类似的目标，即减少涉及刑事司法系统的精神疾病患者的累犯并改善其功能。法医积极社区治疗项目可以作为一种独立的分流选择，也可以与心理健康法庭相联系，作为强化治疗和监测的一种形式。本文还提供了对这些项目未来研究和评估的建议。
