Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2017 Nov 30;269:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.09.001. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
Chronic ketamine use leads to cognitive and affective deficits including depression. Here, we examined sex differences and neural bases of depression in chronic ketamine users. Compared to non-drug using healthy controls (HC), ketamine-using females but not males showed increased depression score as assessed by the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We evaluated resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), a prefrontal structure consistently implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. Compared to HC, ketamine users (KU) did not demonstrate significant changes in sgACC connectivities at a corrected threshold. However, in KU, a linear regression against CES-D score showed less sgACC connectivity to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) with increasing depression severity. Examined separately, male and female KU showed higher sgACC connectivity to bilateral superior temporal gyrus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), respectively, in correlation with depression. The linear correlation of sgACC-OFC and sgACC-dmPFC connectivity with depression was significantly different in slope between KU and HC. These findings highlighted changes in rsFC of the sgACC as associated with depression and sex differences in these changes in chronic ketamine users.
慢性氯胺酮使用会导致认知和情感障碍，包括抑郁。在这里，我们研究了慢性氯胺酮使用者的抑郁的性别差异和神经基础。与非药物使用的健康对照组 (HC) 相比，氯胺酮使用女性而非男性在使用中心流行病学研究抑郁量表 (CES-D) 评估时表现出更高的抑郁评分。我们评估了亚属前扣带皮层 (sgACC) 的静息状态功能连接 (rsFC)，该区域是与抑郁发病机制一致的前额叶结构。与 HC 相比，氯胺酮使用者 (KU) 在经过校正的阈值下，sgACC 连接性没有显著变化。然而，在 KU 中，与 CES-D 评分的线性回归显示，随着抑郁严重程度的增加，sgACC 与眶额皮质 (OFC) 的连接性减少。分别检查时，男性和女性 KU 与双侧颞上回和背内侧前额叶皮质 (dmPFC) 的 sgACC 连接性分别升高，与抑郁相关。sgACC-OFC 和 sgACC-dmPFC 连接性与抑郁的线性相关性在斜率上在 KU 和 HC 之间有显著差异。这些发现强调了 sgACC 的 rsFC 变化与抑郁有关，以及慢性氯胺酮使用者中这些变化的性别差异。
