Schwandt Hilary M, Skinner Joanna, Hebert Luciana Estelle, Cobb Lisa, Saad Abdulmumin, Odeku Mojisola
Center for Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Fairhaven College, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, MS 9118, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA.
BMC Womens Health. 2017 Sep 11;17(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0439-2.
Fertility is high in Nigeria and contraceptive use is low. Little is known about how urban Nigerians perceive the risk of contraceptive use in relation to pregnancy and birth. This study examines and compares the risk perception of family planning methods and pregnancy related scenarios among urban Nigerians.
A total of 26 focus group discussions with 243 participants were conducted in September and October 2010 in Ibadan and Kaduna. The groups were stratified by sex, age, family planning use, and city. Study participants were asked to identify the risk associated with six different family planning methods and four pregnancy related risks. The data were coded in ATLAS.ti 6 and analyzed using the thematic content analysis approach.
The ten family planning and pregnancy related items ranked as follows from most to least risky: sterilization, abortion, getting pregnant soon after having a baby (no birth spacing), pill, IUD, injectable, having a birth under 18 years of age (teenage motherhood), condom use, having six children, and fertility awareness methods. Risk of family planning methods was often categorized in terms of side effects and complications. Positive perceptions of teenage motherhood and having many children influenced the low ranking of these items.
Inadequate birth spacing was rated as more risky than all contraceptive methods and pregnancy related events except for sterilization and abortion. Some of the participants' risk perceptions of contraceptives and pregnancy related scenarios does not correspond to actual risk of methods and practices. Instead, the items' perceived riskiness largely correspond with prevailing social norms. However, there was a high level of understanding of the risks of inadequate birth spacing.
This study is not a randomized control trial so the study has not been registered as such.
尼日利亚的生育率很高，而避孕药具的使用率很低。对于尼日利亚城市居民如何看待避孕措施使用与怀孕和生育相关的风险，人们知之甚少。本研究调查并比较了尼日利亚城市居民对计划生育方法和与怀孕相关情况的风险认知。
2010年9月和10月在伊巴丹和卡杜纳共进行了26次焦点小组讨论，共有243名参与者。这些小组按性别、年龄、计划生育使用情况和城市进行分层。研究参与者被要求识别与六种不同计划生育方法和四种与怀孕相关风险相关的风险。数据在ATLAS.ti 6中进行编码，并使用主题内容分析方法进行分析。
十种与计划生育和怀孕相关的项目按风险从高到低排序如下：绝育、堕胎、产后很快怀孕（无生育间隔）、避孕药、宫内节育器、注射剂、18岁以下生育（少女怀孕）、使用避孕套、生育六个孩子以及生育意识方法。计划生育方法的风险通常根据副作用和并发症进行分类。对少女怀孕和多子女的积极看法影响了这些项目的低排名。
除绝育和堕胎外，生育间隔不足被认为比所有避孕方法和与怀孕相关的事件风险更高。一些参与者对避孕药具和与怀孕相关情况的风险认知与这些方法和做法的实际风险不符。相反，这些项目的感知风险在很大程度上与普遍的社会规范相符。然而，人们对生育间隔不足的风险有很高的认识。
本研究不是随机对照试验，因此未按此类进行注册。
