a Department of Neurological Surgery , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA.
b Department of Neurological Surgery , Indiana University , Indianapolis , IN , USA.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2018 Feb;15(2):163-172. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1378642. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain cancer in adults, and its poor prognosis and resistance to the existing standard of care require the development of innovative therapeutic modalities. The local delivery of stem cells as therapeutic carriers against glioma has produced encouraging results, but encounters obstacles with regards to the repeatability and invasiveness of administration. Intranasal delivery of therapeutic stem cells could overcome these obstacles, among others, as a noninvasive and easily repeatable mode of administration.
This review describes nasal anatomy, routes of stem cell migration, and factors affecting stem cell delivery to hard-to-reach tumors. Furthermore, this review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell migration following delivery, as well as possible stem cell effector functions to be considered in combination with intranasal delivery.
Further research is necessary to elucidate the dynamics of stem cell effector functions in the context of intranasal delivery and optimize their therapeutic potency. Nonetheless, the technique represents a promising tool against brain cancer and has the potential to be expanded for use against other brain pathologies.
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是成人中最具侵袭性的恶性脑癌，其预后不良且对现有标准治疗方案存在抗性，这需要开发创新的治疗方式。将干细胞作为针对神经胶质瘤的治疗载体进行局部递送已经取得了令人鼓舞的结果，但在给药的可重复性和侵入性方面遇到了障碍。治疗性干细胞的鼻腔内递送可以克服这些障碍，作为一种非侵入性且易于重复的给药方式。
本综述描述了鼻腔解剖结构、干细胞迁移途径以及影响难以到达的肿瘤的干细胞递送的因素。此外，本综述还讨论了递送至靶组织后干细胞迁移的分子机制，以及可能需要考虑的与鼻腔内递送相结合的干细胞效应功能。
需要进一步研究阐明在鼻腔内递送的情况下干细胞效应功能的动态，并优化其治疗效力。尽管如此，该技术仍是对抗脑癌的一种很有前途的工具，并且有可能扩展到其他脑部疾病的应用。
