Predictors of pressure ulcer incidence following traumatic spinal cord injury: a secondary analysis of a prospective longitudinal study.

STUDY DESIGN

Secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES

The objective of this study was to identify the medical and demographic factors associated with the development of pressure ulcers during acute-care hospitalization and inpatient rehabilitation following acute spinal cord injury.

SETTING

The study was carried out at acute hospitalization, inpatient rehabilitation and outpatient rehabilitation sites at a university medical center in the United States.

METHODS

Adults with acute traumatic spinal cord injury (n=104) were recruited within 24-72 h of admission to the hospital. Pressure ulcer incidence was recorded.

RESULTS

Thirty-nine participants out of 104 (37.5%) developed at least one pressure ulcer during acute-care hospitalization and inpatient rehabilitation. Univariate logistic regression analyses revealed significant association of pressure ulcer incidence for those with pneumonia and mechanical ventilation (P=0.01) and higher injury severity (ASIA A) (P=0.01). Multiple logistic regression showed that the odds of formation of a first pressure ulcer in participants with ASIA A was 4.5 times greater than that for participants with ASIA B, CI (1-20.65), P=0.05, and 4.6 times greater than that for participants with ASIA C, CI (1.3-16.63), P=0.01.

CONCLUSION

Among individuals with acute traumatic SCI, those with high-injury severity were at an increased risk to develop pressure ulcers. Pneumonia was noted to be associated with the formation of pressure ulcers.