School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy (SPREE), University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052, Australia.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017 Oct 4;9(39):34093-34100. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b13085. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
A low-temperature solution-based process for depositing silver nanowire (AgNW) networks for use as transparent conductive top electrode is demonstrated. These AgNWs when applied to CuZnSnS solar cells outperformed indium tin oxide as the top electrode. Thinner nanowires allow the use of lower temperatures during processing, while longer wires allow lowered sheet resistance for the same surface coverage of NWs, enhancing the transmittance/conductance trade-off. Conductive atomic force microscopy and percolation theory were used to study the quality of the NW network at the microscale. Our optimized network yielded a sheet resistance of 18 Ω/□ and ∼95% transmission across the entire wavelength range of interest for a deposition temperature as low as of 60 °C. Our results show that AgNWs can be used for low-temperature cell fabrication using cheap solution-based processes that could also be promising for other solar cells constrained to low processing temperatures such as organic and perovskite solar cells.
一种用于沉积银纳米线 (AgNW) 网络的低温溶液法工艺被展示出来，可将其用作透明导电顶电极。当将这些 AgNW 应用于 CuZnSnS 太阳能电池时，它们的性能优于氧化铟锡作为顶电极。更细的纳米线允许在处理过程中使用更低的温度，而更长的纳米线则允许在相同的 NW 表面覆盖率下降低方阻，从而提高透光率/电导率的权衡。使用导电原子力显微镜和渗流理论研究了纳米线网络在微观尺度上的质量。我们优化后的网络在沉积温度低至 60°C 时，方阻为 18 Ω/□，在整个感兴趣的波长范围内的透过率约为 95%。我们的结果表明，AgNW 可以用于低温电池制造，使用廉价的溶液法工艺，这对于其他受限于低温处理温度的太阳能电池（如有机和钙钛矿太阳能电池）也可能具有很大的应用前景。
