a PAIS (Politics and International Studies) , University of Warwick , Coventry , UK.
Glob Public Health. 2018 Oct;13(10):1388-1398. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2017.1371203. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
Successive global health crises - from HIV and AIDS to SARS and H5N1 to Ebola - highlight one of the most pressing challenges to global health security: the GAP - the governance accountability problem. Introduced in 2014 in the book entitled, HIV/AIDS and the South African state: The responsibility to respond, this article takes up Alan Whiteside's challenges, in a book review in these pages, to offer a more comprehensive analysis of the GAP. The GAP [Šehović, A. B. (2014). HIV/AIDS and the South African state: The responsibility to respond. Ashgate Global Health.] posits that there is a disconnect between ad hoc, state and non-state interventions to respond to an epidemic crisis, and the ultimate guarantee for health (security), which remains legally vested with the state. The existence and expansion of such ad hoc solutions result in a negligence: a failure of re-ordering of health rights and responsibilities for health between such actors and the accountable state. The GAP aims to highlight this disjunction. This article first defines the GAP. Second, it asks two questions: First, what is the contribution of the GAP thesis to understanding the emerging health security landscape? Second, what can the GAP offer in terms of practical insight into viable solutions to the re-ordering of state/non-state-based responsibility and accountability for global health security?
接连不断的全球健康危机——从艾滋病毒和艾滋病到严重急性呼吸道综合征和 H5N1 再到埃博拉——突显了对全球卫生安全的最紧迫挑战之一：差距——治理问责问题。本文借鉴了艾伦·怀斯德（Alan Whiteside）在这些页面的书评中提出的挑战，对 2014 年出版的《艾滋病毒/艾滋病与南非国家：应对责任》一书中提出的差距进行了探讨，对差距进行了更全面的分析。差距理论认为，应对疫情危机的临时、国家和非国家干预措施与最终的健康保障（安全）之间存在脱节，而健康保障仍由国家依法负责。这种临时解决方案的存在和扩大导致了一种疏忽：这些行为体与问责国家之间对健康权利和健康责任的重新排序失败。差距理论旨在突出这种脱节。本文首先定义了差距。其次，提出了两个问题：第一，差距理论对理解新出现的卫生安全格局有何贡献？第二，差距理论在重新排序国家/非国家对全球卫生安全的责任和问责方面，能提供哪些可行解决方案的实际见解？
