Rational design of Kluyveromyces marxianus ZJB14056 aldo-keto reductase KmAKR to enhance diastereoselectivity and activity.

t-Butyl 6-cyano-(3R,5R)-dihydroxyhexanoate ((3R,5R)-1b) is a valuable chiral synthon of atorvastatin calcium. A novel NADPH-specific aldo-keto reductase (AKR) was identified from a thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus ZJB14056 by genome database mining, displaying t-butyl 6-cyano-(5R)-hydroxy-3-oxohexanoate ((5R)-1a) reducing activity and moderate diastereoselectivity (de∼80.5%). Molecular homology modeling and docking studies demonstrated that the side chain of Trp297 blocks binding of (5R)-1a to KmAKR. The mutation of Trp297 to His led to dramatic conformational changes and significant improvement in both diastereoselectivity and activity. In comparison with KmAKR, KmAKR-W297H displayed strict diastereoselectivity, and 2.8-fold, 3.9-fold improvement in k and k/K toward (5R)-1a, which were 10.36s and 6.56s·mM respectively. Coupling KmAKR-W297H with Exiguobacterium sibiricum glucose dehydrogenase (EsGDH) for coenzyme regeneration, 100mM (5R)-1a was completely reduced to (3R,5R)-1b within 12h, in a de >99.5%.