Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland.
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Feb 1;613-614:30-38. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.121. Epub 2017 Sep 26.
The present study addresses toxicological properties of metal contaminated soils, using glassworks sites in south-eastern Sweden as study objects. Soil from five selected glassworks sites as well as from nearby reference areas were analysed for total and water-soluble metal concentrations and general geochemical parameters. A battery of biotests was then applied to assess the toxicity of the glassworks soil environments: a test of phytotoxicity with garden cress (Lepidium sativum); the BioTox™ test for toxicity to bacteria using Vibrio fischeri; and analyses of abundancies and biomass of nematodes and enchytraeids. The glassworks- and reference areas were comparable with respect to pH and the content of organic matter and nutrients (C, N, P), but total metal concentrations (Pb, As, Ba, Cd and Zn) were significantly higher at the former sites. Higher metal concentrations in the water-soluble fraction were also observed, even though these concentrations were low compared to the total ones. Nevertheless, toxicity of the glassworks soils was not detected by the two ex situ tests; inhibition of light emission by V. fischeri could not be seen, nor was an effect seen on the growth of L. sativum. A decrease in enchytraeid and nematode abundance and biomass was, however, observed for the landfill soils as compared to reference soils, implying in situ toxicity to soil-inhabiting organisms. The confirmation of in situ bioavailability and negative effects motivates additional studies of the risk posed to humans of the glassworks villages.
本研究以瑞典东南部的玻璃厂场地为研究对象，探讨了受金属污染土壤的毒理学特性。对五个选定的玻璃厂场地和附近的参考区域的土壤进行了总金属和水溶性金属浓度以及一般地球化学参数的分析。然后应用了一系列生物测试来评估玻璃厂土壤环境的毒性：用荠（Lepidium sativum）进行的植物毒性测试；使用发光细菌（Vibrio fischeri）的生物毒性测试（BioTox™测试）；以及线虫和真蚓类丰度和生物量的分析。玻璃厂和参考区在 pH 值和有机物及养分（C、N、P）含量方面具有可比性，但前者的总金属浓度（Pb、As、Ba、Cd 和 Zn）明显更高。尽管这些浓度与总浓度相比较低，但也观察到了水溶性部分的金属浓度更高。然而，两种体外测试均未检测到玻璃厂土壤的毒性；发光细菌（V. fischeri）的发光抑制作用未观察到，荠（L. sativum）的生长也未受到影响。与参考土壤相比，垃圾填埋场土壤中的真蚓类和线虫的丰度和生物量减少，这意味着对土壤中栖息的生物具有体内毒性。体内生物有效性和负面效应的证实促使进一步研究玻璃厂村落对人类构成的风险。
