Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Jan;147:471-479. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.007. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
Acute lethal and sublethal toxicity of the pirimicarb-based commercial formulation Aficida were evaluated on Boana pulchella tadpoles. Whereas mortality was used as end point for lethality, frequency of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities as well as alterations in the frequency of erythroblasts in circulating blood as biomarkers for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. Swimming, growth, developmental and morphological abnormalities were also employed as sublethal end points. Results show that the species is within the 13th percentile of the distribution of acute sensitivity of species to pirimicarb for aquatic vertebrates. Results revealed values of 23.78 and 101.45mg/L pirimicarb as LC50 for GS25 and GS36 tadpoles, respectively. The most evident effects were related with the swimming activity with NOEC and LOEC values within the 0.005-0.39mg/L pirimicarb concentration range. Aficida induced DNA damage at the chromosomal level by increasing micronuclei frequency and other nuclear abnormalities, i.e., lobbed and notched nuclei and binucleated cells. Cellular cytotoxicity was found after Aficida treatment. The presence of abdominal oedemas in exposed organisms and thus flotation response of organisms could be proposed as a new sensitive exposure parameter. The multiple end point assessment approach used allowed a complete understanding the multi level of effects occurring by exposure to pirimicarb, at least in B. pulchella.
吡虫啉为基础的商业制剂 Aficida 对彩蛙蝌蚪的急性致死和亚致死毒性进行了评估。以死亡率作为致死终点，以微核和其他核异常的频率以及循环血液中红细胞频率的改变作为遗传毒性和细胞毒性的生物标志物，游泳、生长、发育和形态异常也被用作亚致死终点。结果表明，该物种在水生脊椎动物对吡虫啉急性敏感性的物种分布中处于第 13 百分位。结果显示，GS25 和 GS36 蝌蚪的吡虫啉 LC50 值分别为 23.78 和 101.45mg/L。最明显的影响与游泳活动有关，其无可见效应浓度（NOEC）和最低可见效应浓度（LOEC）值在 0.005-0.39mg/L 吡虫啉浓度范围内。Aficida 通过增加微核频率和其他核异常（如分叶核和锯齿核以及双核细胞）诱导染色体水平的 DNA 损伤。在 Aficida 处理后发现细胞毒性。暴露生物中存在腹部水肿，因此生物的漂浮反应可以作为新的敏感暴露参数。所使用的多终点评估方法允许我们全面了解暴露于吡虫啉时发生的多层次影响，至少在彩蛙中是这样。
