Laboratorio de Citogenética, Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
Chemosphere. 2010 Jan;78(3):249-55. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.064. Epub 2009 Dec 1.
Acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of the pirimicarb-containing commercial-formulation carbamate insecticide Aficida(R) (50% pirimicarb) were evaluated on Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) tadpoles exposed under laboratory conditions. Lethal and sublethal effects were employed as bioassays for acute toxicity, whereas micronuclei (MNi) induction and alterations in the ratio erythrocytes:erythroblasts were employed as end-points for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. Cr(VI) (23 mg L(-1)) and cyclophosphamide (40 mg L(-1)) were employed as positive controls for toxicity and geno-cytotoxicity assays, respectively. In Gosner stage 25 (STD25), the results revealed mean values of 402.0 and 223.6 mg Aficida L(-1) for LC-50(24)(h) and LC-50(96)(h), respectively. When STD37-39 tadpoles were exposed, the LC-50(24)(h) and LC-50(96)(h) reached values of 239.4 and 181.7 mg Aficida L(-1), respectively. Sublethal effects revealed a mean EC-50(96)(h) of 133.85 and 104.2mg Aficida in those STD25 and STD37-39 treated tadpoles, respectively. The results demonstrated that in 48-h-exposed tadpoles, a MNi increase was found only in those 80.0 mg L(-1) Aficida-treated individuals. When tadpoles were exposed to Aficida for 96h, only the 160 mg L(-1)-treated individuals showed a significant increase in MNi frequency. Concentrations ranging from 80.0 to 250.0mg Aficida L(-1) resulted in cellular cytotoxicity, revealed by a decreased proportion of circulating erythrocytes and an enhancement of erythroblasts. Accordingly, this species could provide a suitable and useful experimental model for biomonitoring aquatic ecosystems.
吡虫啉含商业制剂氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂 Aficida(R)（50%吡虫啉）对 Rhinella arenarum（蛙类，蟾蜍科）蝌蚪的急性毒性、遗传毒性和细胞毒性进行了评估。采用致死和亚致死效应作为急性毒性的生物测定，而微核（MNi）诱导和红细胞与有核红细胞比例的改变分别作为遗传毒性和细胞毒性的终点。Cr(VI)（23mg/L）和环磷酰胺（40mg/L）分别用作毒性和遗传毒性测定的阳性对照。在戈斯纳阶段 25（STD25），结果显示 LC-50(24)(h)和 LC-50(96)(h)的平均值分别为 402.0 和 223.6mg Aficida L(-1)。当 STD37-39 期蝌蚪暴露时，LC-50(24)(h)和 LC-50(96)(h)分别达到 239.4 和 181.7mg Aficida L(-1)。亚致死效应显示，在 STD25 和 STD37-39 处理的蝌蚪中，EC-50(96)(h)的平均值分别为 133.85 和 104.2mg Aficida。结果表明，在暴露于 48 小时的蝌蚪中，仅在 80.0mg/L Aficida 处理的个体中发现 MNi 增加。当蝌蚪暴露于 Aficida 96 小时时，只有在 160mg/L Aficida 处理的个体中观察到 MNi 频率显著增加。浓度范围从 80.0 到 250.0mg Aficida L(-1)导致细胞毒性，表现为循环红细胞比例降低和有核红细胞增强。因此，该物种可为水生生态系统的生物监测提供一个合适且有用的实验模型。
