Section of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark.
Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jan 15;612:1473-1479. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.177. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
The aim of the study was to assess the levels of PCBs in the breast milk of some Ghanaian women at suspected hotspot and relatively non-hotspot areas and to find out if the levels of these PCBs pose any risk to the breastfed infants. A total of 128 individual human breast milk were sampled from both primiparae and multiparae mothers. The levels of PCBs in the milk samples were compared. Some of these mothers (105 individuals) work or reside in and around Agbogbloshie (hot-spot), the largest electric and electronic waste dump and recycling site in Accra, Ghana. Others (23 donor mothers) also reside in and around Kwabenya (non-hotspot) which is a mainly residential area without any industrial activities. Samples were analyzed using GC-MS/MS. The total mean levels and range of ΣPCBs were 3.64ng/glipidwt and ˂LOD-29.20ng/glipidwt, respectively. Mean concentrations from Agbogbloshie (hot-spot area) and Kwabenya (non-hotspot areas) were 4.43ng/glipidwt and 0.03ng/glipidwt, respectively. PCB-28 contributed the highest of 29.5% of the total PCBs in the milk samples, and PCB-101 contributed the lowest of 1.74%. The estimated daily intake of PCBs and total PCBs concentrations in this work were found to be lower as compared to similar studies across the world. The estimated hazard quotient using Health Canada's guidelines threshold limit of 1μg/kgbw/day showed no potential health risk to babies. However, considering minimum tolerable value of 0.03μg/kgbw/day defined by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the values of some mothers were found to be at the threshold limit. This may indicate a potential health risk to their babies. Mothers with values at the threshold levels of the minimum tolerable limits are those who work or reside in and around the Agbogbloshie e-waste site.
本研究旨在评估一些加纳妇女母乳中多氯联苯（PCBs）的水平，以确定这些 PCBs 是否对母乳喂养的婴儿构成风险。共采集了 128 名初产妇和多产妇的人乳样本。比较了牛奶样本中的 PCB 水平。其中一些母亲（105 人）在阿克拉的阿博戈布洛西（热点地区）工作或居住，阿博戈布洛西是加纳最大的电子和电子废物倾倒场和回收场。另外 23 位捐赠母亲也居住在夸本亚（非热点地区），这是一个主要的居民区，没有任何工业活动。使用 GC-MS/MS 对样品进行分析。ΣPCBs 的总平均值和范围分别为 3.64ng/g 脂质和 LOD-29.20ng/g 脂质。阿博戈布洛西（热点地区）和夸本亚（非热点地区）的平均浓度分别为 4.43ng/g 脂质和 0.03ng/g 脂质。在母乳样本中，PCB-28 占总 PCB 的 29.5%，PCB-101 占比最低，为 1.74%。与世界范围内的类似研究相比，本工作中 PCB 的估计日摄入量和总 PCB 浓度较低。根据加拿大健康指南 1μg/kgbw/day 的阈值限量，使用健康加拿大的指导方针进行风险评估，结果显示对婴儿没有潜在的健康风险。然而，考虑到疾病控制与预防中心（ATSDR）定义的最低耐受值 0.03μg/kgbw/day，发现一些母亲的数值接近阈值。这可能表明对婴儿存在潜在的健康风险。在可容忍极限阈值的最低耐受值范围内的母亲是那些在阿博戈布洛西电子废物场工作或居住的母亲。
