1 The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
2 Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2017 Mar;43(3):300-312. doi: 10.1177/0146167216684131. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
A common assumption about implicit measures is that they reflect early experiences, whereas explicit measures are assumed to reflect recent experiences. This assumption subsumes two distinct hypotheses: (a) Implicit measures are more resistant to situationally induced changes than explicit measures; (b) individual differences on implicit measures are more stable over time than individual differences on explicit measures. Although the first hypothesis has been the subject of numerous studies, the second hypothesis has received relatively little attention. The current research addressed the second hypothesis in two longitudinal studies that compared the temporal stability of individual differences on implicit and explicit measures in three content domains (self-concept, racial attitudes, political attitudes). In both studies, implicit measures showed significantly lower stability over time (weighted average r = .54) than conceptually corresponding explicit measures (weighted average r = .75), despite comparable estimates of internal consistency. Implications for theories of implicit social cognition and interpretations of implicit and explicit measures are discussed.
一种关于内隐测量的常见假设是，它们反映了早期的经验，而外显测量则被认为反映了最近的经验。这个假设包含两个不同的假设：(a) 内隐测量比外显测量更能抵抗情境引起的变化；(b) 内隐测量上的个体差异在时间上比外显测量上的个体差异更稳定。尽管第一个假设已经是许多研究的主题，但第二个假设相对较少受到关注。本研究在两项纵向研究中检验了第二个假设，这两项研究比较了三个内容领域（自我概念、种族态度、政治态度）中内隐和外显测量上的个体差异的时间稳定性。在这两项研究中，尽管内隐测量的内部一致性估计值相当，但与概念上对应的外显测量相比，内隐测量的时间稳定性明显较低（加权平均 r =.54）。讨论了对内隐社会认知理论和对内隐和外显测量的解释的影响。
