Inpatient treatment of complicated agoraphobia and panic disorder.

Despite recent advances in the treatment of agoraphobia and panic disorder, some patients do not respond to standard outpatient regimens of biological and psychosocial intervention and may require more intensive, closely supervised care. The authors describe a specialized inpatient program that integrates pharmacotherapy, intensive levels of exposure and other behavioral therapies, a structured and strategically reinforcing environment, panic and anxiety management strategies, and other interventions designed specifically for patients with complicated panic-based disorders. Outcome data for 25 patients indicate that after a mean stay of 35 days, 19 patients were significantly improved. These preliminary results suggest that appropriately designed inpatient programs offer an effective treatment option for some patients with refractory conditions of agoraphobia or panic disorder.