Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 2017 Oct;30(5):502-511. doi: 10.1002/jts.22214. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
In the first known longitudinal study of the topic, we examined whether experiencing sexual assault or sexual harassment while in the military was associated with increased risk for subsequent unhealthy alcohol use and smoking among U.S. service members in the Millennium Cohort Study (2001-2012). Adjusted complementary log-log models were fit to estimate the relative risk of (a) smoking relapse among former smokers (men: n = 4,610; women: n = 1,453); (b) initiation of unhealthy alcohol use (problem drinking and/or drinking over recommended limits) among those with no known history of unhealthy alcohol use (men: n = 8,459; women: n = 4,816); and (c) relapse among those previously reporting unhealthy alcohol use (men: n = 3,487; women: n = 1,318). Men who reported experiencing sexual assault while in the military had sixfold higher risk for smoking relapse: relative risk (RR) = 6.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.34, 18.73], than men who did not. Women who reported experiencing sexual assault while in the military had almost twice the risk for alcohol relapse: RR = 1.73; 95% CI [1.06, 2.83]. There were no other significant associations. These findings suggest that men and women may respond differently following sexual trauma, and support future concerted policy efforts by military leadership to prevent, detect, and intervene on sexual assault.
在首个针对该主题的纵向研究中，我们研究了在军队中经历性侵犯或性骚扰是否与美国军人在千年队列研究（2001-2012 年）中随后出现不健康的饮酒和吸烟风险增加有关。调整后的互补对数模型用于估计（a）前吸烟者（男性：n=4610；女性：n=1453）的吸烟复发率；（b）无已知不健康饮酒史者（男性：n=8459；女性：n=4816）中不健康饮酒的起始率（饮酒问题和/或饮酒超过推荐限量）；（c）先前报告不健康饮酒者（男性：n=3487；女性：n=1318）的复发率。报告在军队中经历过性侵犯的男性吸烟复发的风险高 6 倍：相对风险（RR）=6.62；95%置信区间（CI）[2.34,18.73]，而没有经历过性侵犯的男性。报告在军队中经历过性侵犯的女性，酒精复发的风险几乎增加了一倍：RR=1.73；95%置信区间（CI）[1.06,2.83]。没有其他显著关联。这些发现表明，男性和女性在经历性创伤后可能会有不同的反应，支持军事领导层未来采取一致的政策努力，以预防、发现和干预性侵犯。
