Brenneman Lauren, Cash Elizabeth, Chermak Gail D, Guenette Linda, Masters Gay, Musiek Frank E, Brown Mallory, Ceruti Julianne, Fitzegerald Krista, Geissler Kristin, Gonzalez Jennifer, Weihing Jeffrey
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY.
James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY.
J Am Acad Audiol. 2017 Sep;28(8):758-769. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.16119.
Pediatric central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) is frequently comorbid with other childhood disorders. However, few studies have examined the relationship between commonly used CAPD, language, and cognition tests within the same sample.
The present study examined the relationship between diagnostic CAPD tests and "gold standard" measures of language and cognitive ability, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC).
A retrospective study.
Twenty-seven patients referred for CAPD testing who scored average or better on the CELF and low average or better on the WISC were initially included. Seven children who scored below the CELF and/or WISC inclusion criteria were then added to the dataset for a second analysis, yielding a sample size of 34.
Participants were administered a CAPD battery that included at least the following three CAPD tests: Frequency Patterns (FP), Dichotic Digits (DD), and Competing Sentences (CS). In addition, they were administered the CELF and WISC. Relationships between scores on CAPD, language (CELF), and cognition (WISC) tests were examined using correlation analysis.
DD and FP showed significant correlations with Full Scale Intelligence Quotient, and the DD left ear and the DD interaural difference measures both showed significant correlations with working memory. However, ∼80% or more of the variance in these CAPD tests was unexplained by language and cognition measures. Language and cognition measures were more strongly correlated with each other than were the CAPD tests with any CELF or WISC scale. Additional correlations with the CAPD tests were revealed when patients who scored in the mild-moderate deficit range on the CELF and/or in the borderline low intellectual functioning range on the WISC were included in the analysis.
While both the DD and FP tests showed significant correlations with one or more cognition measures, the majority of the variance in these CAPD measures went unexplained by cognition. Unlike DD and FP, the CS test was not correlated with cognition. Additionally, language measures were not significantly correlated with any of the CAPD tests. Our findings emphasize that the outcomes and interpretation of results vary as a function of the subject inclusion criteria that are applied for the CELF and WISC. Including participants with poorer cognition and/or language scores increased the number of significant correlations observed. For this reason, it is important that studies investigating the relationship between CAPD and other domains or disorders report the specific inclusion criteria used for all tests.
儿童中枢听觉处理障碍（CAPD）常与其他儿童疾病合并存在。然而，很少有研究在同一样本中考察常用的CAPD测试、语言测试和认知测试之间的关系。
本研究考察诊断性CAPD测试与语言和认知能力的“金标准”测量工具，即语言基本能力临床评估量表（CELF）和韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC）之间的关系。
一项回顾性研究。
最初纳入了27名因CAPD测试前来就诊的患者，他们在CELF测试中得分处于平均水平或以上，在WISC测试中得分处于低平均水平或以上。随后，将7名在CELF和/或WISC纳入标准以下得分的儿童添加到数据集中进行二次分析，样本量为34。
对参与者进行了一套CAPD测试组合，其中至少包括以下三项CAPD测试：频率模式（FP）、双耳数字（DD）和竞争句子（CS）。此外，还对他们进行了CELF和WISC测试。使用相关分析考察CAPD测试、语言（CELF）和认知（WISC）测试得分之间的关系。
DD和FP与全量表智商显示出显著相关性，DD左耳和DD双耳差异测量均与工作记忆显示出显著相关性。然而，这些CAPD测试中约80%或更多的方差无法用语言和认知测量来解释。语言和认知测量之间的相关性比CAPD测试与任何CELF或WISC量表之间的相关性更强。当将在CELF上得分处于轻度至中度缺陷范围和/或在WISC上得分处于临界低智力功能范围的患者纳入分析时，发现了与CAPD测试的其他相关性。
虽然DD和FP测试均与一项或多项认知测量显示出显著相关性，但这些CAPD测量中的大部分方差无法用认知来解释。与DD和FP不同，CS测试与认知无关。此外，语言测量与任何CAPD测试均无显著相关性。我们的研究结果强调，结果和解释因应用于CELF和WISC的受试者纳入标准而异。纳入认知和/或语言得分较差的参与者增加了观察到的显著相关性的数量。因此，研究CAPD与其他领域或疾病之间关系的研究报告所有测试使用的具体纳入标准非常重要。
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