Kinney Matthew E, Ericsson Aaron C, Franklin Craig L, Whiting Rebecca E H, Pearce Jacqueline W
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2017 Sep;48(3):675-682. doi: 10.1638/2016-0256.1.
The aim of this study was to establish normal ophthalmic parameters for select diagnostic tests in American white pelicans (Pelecanuserythrorhynchos). Twenty-one zoo-housed American white pelicans were manually restrained for noninvasive ocular diagnostic testing and complete ophthalmic examination. Tear production quantification using the phenol red thread test (PRTT), fluorescein staining, and intraocular pressure (IOP) evaluation were performed. In addition, conjunctival aerobic bacterial culture and culture-independent 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were performed on select eyes. Normal variations and ocular abnormalities detected during complete ophthalmic examination were documented and photographed. Direct pupillary light reflex, menace response, and palpebral reflex were present in all birds. The value (mean ± SD) for PRRT and IOP was 14.9 ± 7.84 mm/15 sec and 9.0 ± 1.41 mm Hg oculus uterque, respectively. Conjunctival culture in nine birds revealed no growth for six birds and Staphylococcus aureus growth in three birds. A high relative abundance of Mycoplasma sp. was detected in all samples based on 16S rRNA sequencing. The normal pelican eye was found to have relative conjunctival hyperemia, absent filoplumes, iris color ranging from light blue to brown, and a subcircular vertically elongated pupil. Ophthalmic abnormalities were noted in 10 of 21 birds. Common findings included corneal fibrosis, cataracts, and asteroid hyalosis. The most common ophthalmic abnormality in this species was cataracts.
本研究的目的是确定美国白鹈鹕（Pelecanus erythrorhynchos）特定诊断测试的正常眼科参数。对21只圈养的美国白鹈鹕进行手动约束，以进行非侵入性眼部诊断测试和完整的眼科检查。使用酚红棉线试验（PRTT）进行泪液分泌定量、荧光素染色和眼压（IOP）评估。此外，对部分眼睛进行结膜需氧菌培养和非培养依赖性16S rRNA扩增子测序。记录并拍摄完整眼科检查过程中检测到的正常变异和眼部异常情况。所有鸟类均存在直接瞳孔对光反射、威胁反应和眼睑反射。PRRT和IOP的值（平均值±标准差）分别为14.9±7.84毫米/15秒和9.0±1.41毫米汞柱（双眼）。9只鸟的结膜培养结果显示，6只鸟无细菌生长，3只鸟有金黄色葡萄球菌生长。基于16S rRNA测序，在所有样本中均检测到高相对丰度的支原体属。发现正常鹈鹕眼结膜相对充血、无纤羽、虹膜颜色从浅蓝色到棕色不等，瞳孔呈亚圆形垂直拉长。21只鸟中有10只被发现有眼科异常。常见发现包括角膜纤维化、白内障和星状玻璃体病变。该物种最常见的眼科异常是白内障。
