Hognert Helena, Skjeldestad Finn E, Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina, Heikinheimo Oskari, Milsom Ian, Lidegaard Øjvind, Lindh Ingela
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Research Group Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017 Dec;96(12):1414-1422. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13232. Epub 2017 Oct 30.
The aim of this study was to describe and compare contraceptive use, fertility, birth, and abortion rates in the Nordic countries.
National data on births, abortions, fertility rate (1975-2013), redeemed prescriptions of hormonal contraceptives and sales figures of copper intrauterine devices (2008-2013) among women 15-49 years of age in the Nordic countries were collected and analyzed.
Use of hormonal contraceptives and copper intrauterine devices varied between 31 and 44%. The highest use was in Denmark (39-44%) and Sweden (40-42%). Combined hormonal contraception followed by the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system were the most common methods. During 1975-2013 abortion rates decreased in Denmark (from 27/1000 women to 15/1000 women aged 15-44/1000 women) and Finland (from 20 to 10/1000 women), remained stable in Norway (≈16) and Sweden (≈20) and increased in Iceland (from 6 to 15/1000 women). Birth rates remained stable around 60/1000 women aged 15-44 in all countries except for Iceland where the birth rate decreased from 95 to 65/1000 women. Abortion rates were highest in the age group 20-24 years. In the same age group, Sweden had a lower contraceptive use (51%) compared with Denmark (59%) and Norway (56%) and a higher abortion rate 33/1000 compared with Denmark (25/1000) and Norway (27/1000).
In contrast to the declining average fertility and birth rates in Europe, rates in the Nordic countries remain high and stable despite high contraceptive use and liberal access to abortion on women's request.
本研究旨在描述和比较北欧国家的避孕措施使用情况、生育率、出生率和堕胎率。
收集并分析了北欧国家15至49岁女性的国家出生数据、堕胎数据、生育率（1975 - 2013年）、激素避孕药的赎回处方以及铜宫内节育器的销售数据（2008 - 2013年）。
激素避孕药和铜宫内节育器的使用率在31%至44%之间。使用率最高的是丹麦（39% - 44%）和瑞典（40% - 42%）。复方激素避孕法其次是左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统是最常用的方法。在1975 - 2013年期间，丹麦（从每1000名15 - 44岁女性中的27例降至15例）和芬兰（从每1000名女性中的20例降至10例）的堕胎率下降，挪威（约为16例）和瑞典（约为20例）保持稳定，冰岛（从每1000名女性中的6例增至15例）上升。除冰岛外，所有国家15至44岁女性的出生率均稳定在每1000名女性约60例左右，冰岛的出生率从每1000名女性中的95例降至65例。堕胎率在20 - 24岁年龄组最高。在同一年龄组中，瑞典的避孕措施使用率（51%）低于丹麦（59%）和挪威（56%），而堕胎率（每1000名女性33例）高于丹麦（每1000名女性25例）和挪威（每1000名女性27例）。
与欧洲平均生育率和出生率下降相反，尽管避孕措施使用率高且女性可按要求自由堕胎，但北欧国家的这些比率仍然很高且稳定。
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