aDivision of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts bDepartment of Pediatrics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania cDivision of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2017 Dec;29(6):718-727. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000549.
The current article reviews recent literature related to three groups whose health is affected by barriers to the healthcare system: refugee and immigrant populations; youth who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning; and those with mental health problems.
Refugee and immigrant populations are increasing worldwide, and recent work has focused on improving their access to mental, dental, and preventive care. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning youth have unique healthcare needs but frequently lack a support system and may not be forthcoming about their sexuality or sex identity. A rising number of children are being diagnosed with mental health disorders, but due to multiple factors, youth are not receiving the care they need.
Pediatric healthcare providers should be aware of the unique challenges faced by youth displaced from their country of origin, who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender or are questioning their sexuality or sex identity, and who struggle with mental health disorders. Toolkits, other educational resources, and novel technological advances can assist pediatricians in ensuring optimal health care of these at-risk groups.
本文综述了与三类人群的健康状况相关的最新文献，这些人群受到医疗体系障碍的影响：难民和移民群体；同性恋、双性恋、跨性别、酷儿或疑问（LGBTQ+）青年；以及心理健康问题人群。
难民和移民群体在全球范围内不断增加，最近的工作重点是改善他们获得精神、牙科和预防保健的机会。LGBTQ+青年有独特的医疗保健需求，但经常缺乏支持系统，并且可能不会公开谈论他们的性取向或性别认同。越来越多的儿童被诊断出患有精神健康障碍，但由于多种因素，这些青年没有得到他们所需的护理。
儿科保健提供者应该了解原籍国流离失所的青年、同性恋、双性恋或跨性别青年或对自己的性取向或性别认同存在疑问、以及患有精神健康障碍的青年所面临的独特挑战。工具包、其他教育资源和新颖的技术进步可以帮助儿科医生确保这些高风险群体得到最佳的医疗保健。
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