Nault Rance, Fader Kelly A, Harkema Jack R, Zacharewski Tim
Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America.
Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Sep 18;12(9):e0184842. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184842. eCollection 2017.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a highly conserved transcription factor that mediates a broad spectrum of species-, strain-, sex-, age-, tissue-, and cell-specific responses elicited by structurally diverse ligands including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Dose-dependent effects on liver-specific and sexually dimorphic gene expression were examined in male and female mice gavaged with TCDD every 4 days for 28 or 92 days. RNA-seq data revealed the coordinated repression of 181 genes predominately expressed in the liver including albumin (3.7-fold), α-fibrinogen (14.5-fold), and β-fibrinogen (17.4-fold) in males with corresponding AhR enrichment at 2 hr. Liver-specific genes exhibiting sexually dimorphic expression also demonstrated diminished divergence between sexes. For example, male-biased Gstp1 was repressed 3.0-fold in males and induced 4.5-fold in females, which were confirmed at the protein level. Disrupted regulation is consistent with impaired GHR-JAK2-STAT5 signaling and inhibition of female specific CUX2-mediated transcription as well as the repression of other key transcriptional regulators including Ghr, Stat5b, Bcl6, Hnf4a, Hnf6, Foxa1/2/3, and Zhx2. Attenuated liver-specific and sexually dimorphic gene expression was concurrent with the induction of fetal genes such as alpha-fetoprotein. The results suggest AhR activation causes the loss of liver-specific and sexually dimorphic gene expression producing a functionally "de-differentiated" hepatic phenotype.
芳烃受体(AhR)是一种高度保守的转录因子,可介导由结构多样的配体(包括2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并对二恶英(TCDD))引发的广泛的物种、品系、性别、年龄、组织和细胞特异性反应。对每4天用TCDD灌胃28天或92天的雄性和雌性小鼠,研究了剂量依赖性对肝脏特异性和性别二态性基因表达的影响。RNA测序数据显示,在2小时时,雄性小鼠中181个主要在肝脏中表达的基因受到协同抑制,包括白蛋白(3.7倍)、α-纤维蛋白原(14.5倍)和β-纤维蛋白原(17.4倍),同时相应的AhR富集。表现出性别二态性表达的肝脏特异性基因在两性之间的差异也减小。例如,雄性偏向的Gstp1在雄性中被抑制3.0倍,在雌性中被诱导4.5倍,这在蛋白质水平得到证实。调节紊乱与GHR-JAK2-STAT5信号受损、雌性特异性CUX2介导的转录抑制以及包括Ghr、Stat5b、Bcl6、Hnf4a、Hnf6、Foxa1/2/3和Zhx2在内的其他关键转录调节因子的抑制一致。肝脏特异性和性别二态性基因表达减弱与胎儿基因如甲胎蛋白的诱导同时发生。结果表明,AhR激活导致肝脏特异性和性别二态性基因表达丧失,产生功能上“去分化”的肝脏表型。
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