[Differential diagnosis and treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer or its treatment].

Nausea and vomiting are frequent and fearful issues both of cancer itself and its treatment, resulting in reduced quality of life, hospitalization and unnecessary medical investigations. Unconventionally, the author discusses the treatment-related and non-treatment-related complaints together, so as to give an integrated approach to this problem. Different types of nausea/vomiting and important causes are explained by discussion of the pathophysiology and clinical symptoms. Different classes of antiemetics are detailed, emphasizing the evolving role of olanzapine in the treatment of both the acute and delayed type of chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting. It was no aim of this review to detail all aspects of MASCC and ESMO antiemetic guideline issued in 2016, but the main topics are presented together with other antiemetic strategies.