Smith Robert E, Tran Kevin, Smith Cynthia C, McDonald Miranda, Shejwalkar Pushkar, Hara Kenji
US Food & Drug Administration, 11510 W 80th Street, Lenexa, KS 66214, USA.
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan.
Diseases. 2016 Nov 11;4(4):34. doi: 10.3390/diseases4040034.
It is widely believed that consuming foods and beverages that have high concentrations of antioxidants can prevent cardiovascular diseases and many types of cancer. As a result, many articles have been published that give the total antioxidant capacities of foods in vitro. However, many antioxidants behave quite differently in vivo. Some of them, such as resveratrol (in red wine) and epigallocatechin gallate or EGCG (in green tea) can activate the nuclear erythroid-2 like factor-2 (Nrf2) transcription factor. It is a master regulator of endogenous cellular defense mechanisms. Nrf2 controls the expression of many antioxidant and detoxification genes, by binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) that are commonly found in the promoter region of antioxidant (and other) genes, and that control expression of those genes. The mechanisms by which Nrf2 relieves oxidative stress and limits cardiac injury as well as the progression to heart failure are described. Also, the ability of statins to induce Nrf2 in the heart, brain, lung, and liver is mentioned. However, there is a negative side of Nrf2. When over-activated, it can cause (not prevent) cardiovascular diseases and multi-drug resistance cancer.
人们普遍认为，食用富含抗氧化剂的食品和饮料可以预防心血管疾病和多种癌症。因此，已经发表了许多文章给出了食品在体外的总抗氧化能力。然而，许多抗氧化剂在体内的行为却大不相同。其中一些，如白藜芦醇（红酒中）和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG，绿茶中），可以激活核红细胞2样因子2（Nrf2）转录因子。它是内源性细胞防御机制的主要调节因子。Nrf2通过与抗氧化反应元件（AREs）结合来控制许多抗氧化和解毒基因的表达，这些元件通常存在于抗氧化（及其他）基因的启动子区域，并控制这些基因的表达。文中描述了Nrf2减轻氧化应激、限制心脏损伤以及心力衰竭进展的机制。此外，还提到了他汀类药物在心脏、大脑、肺和肝脏中诱导Nrf2的能力。然而，Nrf2也有负面作用。当过度激活时，它会导致（而非预防）心血管疾病和多药耐药性癌症。
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