Department of Psychology, University of Maryland.
Psychol Sci. 2017 Nov;28(11):1683-1693. doi: 10.1177/0956797617718800. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
Predictions about future retrieval success, known as judgments of learning (JOLs), are often viewed as important for effective control over learning. However, much less is known about how retrospective confidence judgments (RCJs), evaluations of past retrieval success, may affect control over learning. We compared participants' ability to identify items that would benefit from additional study after making either a JOL or an RCJ. Participants completed a cued-recall task in which they made a metacognitive judgment after an initial recall attempt and before making a restudy decision. Participants who made RCJs prior to their restudy decisions were more accurate at identifying items in need of being restudied, relative to participants who made JOLs. The results indicate that having participants assess their confidence in past retrieval success can nudge them toward better utilizing of valid information when deciding which items are in need of further study.
对未来检索成功的预测，即学习判断（JOLs），通常被视为对学习进行有效控制的重要因素。然而，对于回溯性信心判断（RCJs），即对过去检索成功的评估，如何影响学习控制，我们了解得就更少了。我们比较了参与者在做出 JOL 或 RCJ 后识别需要额外学习的项目的能力。参与者完成了一个提示回忆任务，在最初的回忆尝试后并在做出重新学习决定之前，他们做出了元认知判断。与做出 JOL 的参与者相比，先做出 RCJ 的参与者在识别需要重新学习的项目时更准确。结果表明，让参与者评估他们对过去检索成功的信心，可以促使他们在决定哪些项目需要进一步学习时更好地利用有效信息。
