Duncan Brian, Trejo Stephen J
Department of Economics, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 181, Denver, CO 80217-3364, (303) 315-2041.
Department of Economics, University of Texas at Austin, 2225 Speedway Stop C3100, Austin, TX 78712-1690, (512) 475-8512.
Ind Labor Relat Rev. 2017 Oct;70(5):1146-1175. doi: 10.1177/0019793916679613. Epub 2016 Nov 12.
Because of data limitations, virtually all studies of the later-generation descendants of immigrants rely on subjective measures of ethnic self-identification rather than arguably more objective measures based on the countries of birth of the respondent and his ancestors. In this context, biases can arise from "ethnic attrition" (e.g., U.S.-born individuals who do not self-identify as Hispanic despite having ancestors who were immigrants from a Spanish-speaking country). Analyzing 2003-2013 data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), this study shows that such ethnic attrition is sizeable and selective for the second- and third-generation populations of key Hispanic and Asian national origin groups. In addition, the results indicate that ethnic attrition generates measurement biases that vary across groups in direction as well as magnitude, and that correcting for these biases is likely to raise the socioeconomic standing of the U.S.-born descendants of Hispanic immigrants relative to their Asian counterparts.
由于数据限制，几乎所有关于移民后代的研究都依赖于种族自我认同的主观衡量标准，而非基于受访者及其祖先出生国的更具客观性的衡量标准。在这种情况下，“种族流失”（例如，在美国出生的人，尽管其祖先来自说西班牙语的国家，但他们并不自我认同为西班牙裔）可能会导致偏差。通过分析2003年至2013年当前人口调查（CPS）的数据，本研究表明，对于主要西班牙裔和亚裔族裔群体的第二代和第三代人口而言，这种种族流失相当严重且具有选择性。此外，研究结果表明，种族流失会产生测量偏差，这些偏差在不同群体中的方向和程度各不相同，而且纠正这些偏差可能会提高西班牙裔移民在美国出生的后代相对于亚裔后代的社会经济地位。
