巴基斯坦信德省两个农村地区母亲的婴幼儿喂养方式的决定因素：一项横断面调查
Determinants of infant and young child feeding practices by mothers in two rural districts of Sindh, Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey.
作者信息
Khan Gul Nawaz, Ariff Shabina, Khan Ubaidullah, Habib Atif, Umer Muhammad, Suhag Zamir, Hussain Imtiaz, Bhatti Zaid, Ullah Asmat, Turab Ali, Khan Ali Ahmad, Garzon Alba Cecilia, Khan Mohammad Imran, Soofi Sajid
机构信息
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Department of Paediatrics, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
出版信息
Int Breastfeed J. 2017 Sep 16;12:40. doi: 10.1186/s13006-017-0131-z. eCollection 2017.
BACKGROUND
Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices during the first two years of life are important for the growth and development of a child. The aim of this study was to assess IYCF practices and its associated factors in two rural districts of Pakistan.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in two rural districts of Sindh province, Pakistan as part of a stunting prevention project between May and August 2014. A standard questionnaire on IYCF practices recommended by World Health Organization was used to collect information from 2013 mothers who had a child aged between 0 and 23 months.
RESULTS
Only 49% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth. Thirty-seven percent of mothers exclusively breastfed their infants for six months. Seventy-percent mothers introduced complementary feeding at 6-8 months of age. Eighty-two percent of mothers continued breastfeeding for at least one year and 75% for at least two years of age. IYCF practices were not significantly different for boys and girls in the study area. Being an employed mother (AOR 2.14; 95% CI 1.02, 4.51) was positively associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding. Children who were born at a health facility (AOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.50, 0.84) and were aged six to eleven months (AOR 0.70; 95% CI 0.54, 0.90) were less likely to be have an early initiation of breastfeeding. Mothers aged 25 to 29 years (AOR 1.83; 95% CI 1.05, 3.18), being literate (AOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.15, 2.78), and higher income (AOR 10.6; 95% CI 4.40, 25.30) were more likely to have an improved dietary diversity. Being an employed mother (AOR 2.18; 95% CI 1.77, 4.03) and higher income were more likely to have minimum acceptable diet (AOR 9.7; 95% CI 4.33, 21.71).
CONCLUSION
IYCF practices were below the acceptable level and associated with maternal age, maternal illiteracy, unemployment, and poor household wealth status. Emphasis should be given to improve maternal literacy and reduction in poverty to improve IYCF practices.
背景
生命最初两年的婴幼儿喂养做法对儿童的生长发育至关重要。本研究的目的是评估巴基斯坦两个农村地区的婴幼儿喂养做法及其相关因素。
方法
2014年5月至8月期间，在巴基斯坦信德省的两个农村地区开展了一项横断面研究，作为一项发育迟缓预防项目的一部分。采用世界卫生组织推荐的关于婴幼儿喂养做法的标准问卷，从2013名有0至23个月大孩子的母亲那里收集信息。
结果
只有49%的母亲在婴儿出生后一小时内开始母乳喂养。37%的母亲纯母乳喂养婴儿六个月。70%的母亲在婴儿6至8个月时开始添加辅食。82%的母亲持续母乳喂养至少一年，75%的母亲持续母乳喂养至少两年。研究地区男孩和女孩的婴幼儿喂养做法没有显著差异。职业母亲（调整后比值比为2.14；95%置信区间为1.02，4.51）与早期开始母乳喂养呈正相关。在医疗机构出生的儿童（调整后比值比为0.65；95%置信区间为0.50，0.84）以及6至11个月大的儿童（调整后比值比为0.70；95%置信区间为0.54，0.90）早期开始母乳喂养的可能性较小。25至29岁的母亲（调整后比值比为1.83；95%置信区间为1.05，3.18）、识字的母亲（调整后比值比为1.79；95%置信区间为1.15，2.78）以及收入较高的母亲（调整后比值比为10.6；95%置信区间为4.40，25.30）更有可能有更好的饮食多样性。职业母亲（调整后比值比为2.18；95%置信区间为1.77，4.03）和较高收入更有可能有最低可接受饮食（调整后比值比为9.7；95%置信区间为4.33，21.71）。
结论
婴幼儿喂养做法低于可接受水平，并且与母亲年龄、母亲文盲、失业以及家庭财富状况差有关。应重视提高母亲识字率和减少贫困，以改善婴幼儿喂养做法。
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